fix(win): route shell-outs through a windowless helper (no cmd.exe flash)

_popen/_popen-style shell-outs flash a cmd.exe console window on Windows. Add
Platform::runHiddenCapture() — CreateProcess + CREATE_NO_WINDOW capturing stdout on
Windows, popen on POSIX — and route the remaining shell-outs through it:
- GPU-aware idle detection (getGpuUtilization: "where nvidia-smi" / "nvidia-smi --query-gpu")
- xmrig discovery + version (findXmrigBinary "where xmrig.exe"; "<bin> --version", stderr merged)
- wallet-rebuild helper (app_network) — keeps its exit-code check via the new exitCode out-param

None of these are on the launch path (that was the daemon spawn, fixed in a2f84be); each
would flash a console only when it ran (idle-GPU mining, mining tab, wallet recovery).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/app.cpp

@@ -878,6 +878,9 @@ void App::update()
     // (a prior/unwitnessed salvage likely moved the coins into a wallet.<ts>.bak).
     maybeWarnEmptyWalletWithFundedSiblings();
 
+    // One-time nudge if wallet.dat has bloated past the threshold (toast + clickable alert → consolidate).
+    maybeWarnLargeWallet();
+
     // Classify the wallet's mnemonic status (once per connect) so the Migrate-to-seed button can
     // glow for a legacy, pre-seed-phrase wallet.
     probeWalletSeedStatus();
@@ -916,7 +919,9 @@ void App::update()
 
     // Re-apply the refresh cadence when sync starts/finishes: while syncing we throttle polling to
     // a low-impact profile so RPC contention doesn't slow block download (see applyRefreshPolicy).
-    if (state_.sync.syncing != refresh_policy_syncing_) {
+    // effectivelySyncing() includes the post-sync settle window, so this also reverts to the normal
+    // per-tab cadence once that window elapses.
+    if (effectivelySyncing() != refresh_policy_syncing_) {
         applyRefreshPolicy(current_page_);
     }
 
@@ -1502,16 +1507,11 @@ void App::ensureLogoTexture()
         }
     }
 
-    // 0) DragonX mark — rasterize the embedded SVG recolored to the theme (body = accent, detail = white)
+    // The header / top-left / About branding is the ObsidianDragon PRODUCT logo — NOT the DragonX coin
-    //    at ~2x the 128px viewBox for crisp downscaling. This is the branding on every skin; the per-skin
+    // mark (that is coin_logo_tex_ / drgx_emoji_tex_ above). Resolve it below: active-skin override, else
-    //    PNG path below is only a fallback if rasterization ever fails.
+    // the ui.toml header-icon, else the bundled ObsidianDragon dark/light PNG (disk, then embedded).
-    if (util::LoadTextureFromSvg(embedded::kLogoDragonXSvg, 256, logoAccent,
-                                 detailCol, &logo_tex_, &logo_w_, &logo_h_)) {
-        DEBUG_LOGF("Rendered DragonX SVG logo (%dx%d, accent %08X)\n", logo_w_, logo_h_, logoAccent);
-        return;
-    }
 
-    // 1) Fallback — theme-override logo from the active skin
+    // 1) theme-override logo from the active skin
     const auto* activeSkin = ui::schema::SkinManager::instance().findById(
         ui::schema::SkinManager::instance().activeSkinId());
     std::string logoPath;
@@ -2224,6 +2224,7 @@ void App::render()
     renderDecryptWalletDialog();
     renderPinDialogs();
     renderSwitchStopDaemonDialog();
+    renderDaemonStopConfirm();
     renderBlockDbReindexDialog();
     renderWalletRecoveredDialog();
     renderEmptyWalletWarningDialog();
@@ -2426,10 +2427,19 @@ void App::renderAlertHistoryPanel()
         return;
     }
 
-    // Scrollable list, newest first. Height adapts to the entry count but caps so a busy session
+    // Scrollable list, newest first. Measure the TRUE content height so wrapped (multi-line) messages
-    // scrolls inside the panel instead of blowing past the popup's max height.
+    // and optional action links aren't clipped by an under-estimate; cap so a busy session scrolls
-    const float perEntry = txtF->LegacySize * 2.0f + 14.0f * dp;  // message line + time line + spacing
+    // inside the panel instead of blowing past the popup's max height.
-    const float listH = std::min(300.0f * dp, static_cast<float>(hist.size()) * perEntry);
+    const float msgWrapW = std::max(40.0f * dp, innerW - 2.0f * padX - icoF->LegacySize - 6.0f * dp);
+    float contentH = 0.0f;
+    for (const auto& a : hist) {
+        const float msgH = txtF->CalcTextSizeA(txtF->LegacySize, FLT_MAX, msgWrapW, a.message.c_str()).y;
+        contentH += std::max(msgH, static_cast<float>(icoF->LegacySize));      // icon + wrapped message
+        contentH += txtF->LegacySize;                                          // relative-age line
+        if (a.onClick && !a.actionHint.empty()) contentH += txtF->LegacySize;  // action-link line
+        contentH += 8.0f * dp;                                                 // inter-entry spacing
+    }
+    const float listH = std::min(300.0f * dp, contentH);
     ImGui::BeginChild("##AlertRows", ImVec2(0, listH), false);
     int idx = 0;
     for (auto it = hist.rbegin(); it != hist.rend(); ++it, ++idx) {
@@ -2457,6 +2467,19 @@ void App::renderAlertHistoryPanel()
         ImGui::TextWrapped("%s", a.message.c_str());
         ImGui::PopTextWrapPos();
         ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+        // Optional clickable action (accent link), directly under the message so it stays prominent.
+        if (a.onClick && !a.actionHint.empty()) {
+            ImGui::SetCursorPosX(padX + icoF->LegacySize + 6.0f * dp);
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, m::Primary());
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted(a.actionHint.c_str());
+            ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+            if (ImGui::IsItemHovered()) {
+                const ImVec2 lmn = ImGui::GetItemRectMin(), lmx = ImGui::GetItemRectMax();
+                ImGui::GetWindowDrawList()->AddLine(ImVec2(lmn.x, lmx.y), ImVec2(lmx.x, lmx.y), m::Primary());
+                ImGui::SetMouseCursor(ImGuiMouseCursor_Hand);
+            }
+            if (ImGui::IsItemClicked()) { a.onClick(); ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup(); }
+        }
         // Relative age, dim, indented under the message.
         ImGui::SetCursorPosX(padX + icoF->LegacySize + 6.0f * dp);
         ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, m::OnSurfaceDisabled());
@@ -5630,6 +5653,16 @@ void App::beginShutdown()
 {
     // Only start shutdown once
     if (shutting_down_) return;
+
+    // Guard: don't silently discard an in-progress witness-cache rebuild. If we're about to stop the
+    // daemon while it's rebuilding (stopping now forces a multi-minute rebuild on the next launch),
+    // defer shutdown and let render() show the confirm modal. The user's choice re-enters beginShutdown()
+    // with shutdown_confirmed_ set (and, for "keep node running", shutdown_keep_daemon_override_).
+    if (!shutdown_confirmed_ && shouldConfirmDaemonStop()) {
+        pending_shutdown_confirm_ = true;
+        return;   // NOT shutting down yet — the normal UI + modal keep rendering
+    }
+
     shutting_down_ = true;
     quit_requested_ = true;
     shutdown_timer_ = 0.0f;
@@ -5690,7 +5723,7 @@ void App::beginShutdown()
     }
     
     auto shutdownDecision = daemon_controller_->shutdownDecision(
-        settings_ && settings_->getKeepDaemonRunning(),
+        (settings_ && settings_->getKeepDaemonRunning()) || shutdown_keep_daemon_override_,
         settings_ && settings_->getStopExternalDaemon());
     if (shutdownDecision.action == daemon::DaemonController::ShutdownAction::DisconnectOnly) {
         DEBUG_LOGF("beginShutdown: %s, skipping daemon stop\n", shutdownDecision.logReason);
@@ -5720,6 +5753,133 @@ void App::beginShutdown()
     });
 }
 
+std::vector<std::string> App::tailDaemonDebugLog(int maxLines) const
+{
+    std::vector<std::string> out;
+    if (maxLines <= 0) return out;
+    const std::string path = util::Platform::getDataDir() + "debug.log";
+    std::error_code ec;
+    const auto sz = std::filesystem::file_size(path, ec);
+    if (ec || sz == 0) return out;
+    std::ifstream f(path, std::ios::binary);
+    if (!f) return out;
+
+    // Read only the last ~16 KB — plenty for a handful of lines, cheap even for a multi-GB log.
+    const std::uintmax_t kTailBytes = 16 * 1024;
+    const std::uintmax_t start = sz > kTailBytes ? sz - kTailBytes : 0;
+    f.seekg(static_cast<std::streamoff>(start), std::ios::beg);
+    std::string chunk(static_cast<std::size_t>(sz - start), '\0');
+    f.read(&chunk[0], static_cast<std::streamsize>(chunk.size()));
+    chunk.resize(static_cast<std::size_t>(f.gcount()));
+
+    std::vector<std::string> lines;
+    std::string cur;
+    for (char c : chunk) {
+        if (c == '\n') { if (!cur.empty()) lines.push_back(cur); cur.clear(); }
+        else if (c != '\r') cur.push_back(c);
+    }
+    if (!cur.empty()) lines.push_back(cur);
+    // When we seeked into the middle of the file the first line is a fragment — drop it.
+    if (start > 0 && !lines.empty()) lines.erase(lines.begin());
+    if (static_cast<int>(lines.size()) > maxLines)
+        lines.erase(lines.begin(), lines.end() - static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(maxLines));
+    return lines;
+}
+
+bool App::daemonWitnessRebuildActive() const
+{
+    // Scan the debug.log tail for the daemon's witness-rebuild markers (wallet.cpp): "Cleared witness
+    // data from" (start), "Setting Initial Sapling Witness" / "Reading blocks for witness rebuild"
+    // (progress), vs. "rebuilt N note witness cache(s)" / "aborting…" (finished). Active iff the most
+    // recent relevant line is a start/progress line, not a completion.
+    const auto lines = tailDaemonDebugLog(80);
+    int state = 0;  // 0 none, 1 active, 2 finished/aborted
+    for (const auto& l : lines) {
+        if (l.find("note witness cache(s) to height") != std::string::npos ||
+            l.find("aborting witness rebuild") != std::string::npos ||
+            l.find("aborted during witness rebuild") != std::string::npos) {
+            state = 2;
+        } else if (l.find("Reading blocks for witness rebuild") != std::string::npos ||
+                   l.find("Setting Initial Sapling Witness") != std::string::npos ||
+                   l.find("Cleared witness data from") != std::string::npos) {
+            state = 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return state == 1;
+}
+
+bool App::shouldConfirmDaemonStop() const
+{
+    if (!daemon_controller_) return false;
+    // Only relevant when this shutdown would actually STOP the daemon (embedded, or external with
+    // stop-on-exit) — a DisconnectOnly shutdown leaves it running and loses nothing.
+    const auto decision = daemon_controller_->shutdownDecision(
+        settings_ && settings_->getKeepDaemonRunning(),
+        settings_ && settings_->getStopExternalDaemon());
+    if (decision.action != daemon::DaemonController::ShutdownAction::StopDaemon) return false;
+    return daemonWitnessRebuildActive();
+}
+
+void App::renderDaemonStopConfirm()
+{
+    using namespace ui::material;
+    if (pending_shutdown_confirm_) {
+        ImGui::OpenPopup("##DaemonStopConfirm");
+        pending_shutdown_confirm_ = false;
+        daemon_stop_confirm_open_ = true;
+    }
+    if (!daemon_stop_confirm_open_) return;
+
+    ImVec2 center = ImGui::GetMainViewport()->GetCenter();
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(center, ImGuiCond_Appearing, ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f));
+    bool proceed = false;
+    if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("##DaemonStopConfirm", nullptr,
+                               ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar)) {
+        if (Type().subtitle1()) ImGui::PushFont(Type().subtitle1());
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted("Node is rebuilding its witness cache");
+        if (Type().subtitle1()) ImGui::PopFont();
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+        ImGui::PushTextWrapPos(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 26.0f);
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted(
+            "Stopping the node now discards the in-progress rebuild and restarts it (several minutes) "
+            "the next time you open the wallet. You can keep the node running instead.");
+        ImGui::PopTextWrapPos();
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+
+        if (TactileButton("Keep node running & quit", ImVec2(0, 0))) {
+            shutdown_keep_daemon_override_ = true;
+            shutdown_confirmed_ = true;
+            daemon_stop_confirm_open_ = false;
+            proceed = true;
+            ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+        }
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Button,        ImGui::ColorConvertU32ToFloat4(WithAlpha(Error(), 210)));
+        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered, ImGui::ColorConvertU32ToFloat4(Error()));
+        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ButtonActive,  ImGui::ColorConvertU32ToFloat4(WithAlpha(Error(), 160)));
+        const bool stopAnyway = TactileButton("Stop anyway & quit", ImVec2(0, 0));
+        ImGui::PopStyleColor(3);
+        if (stopAnyway) {
+            shutdown_confirmed_ = true;
+            daemon_stop_confirm_open_ = false;
+            proceed = true;
+            ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+        }
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (TactileButton("Cancel", ImVec2(0, 0))) {
+            daemon_stop_confirm_open_ = false;   // abort the quit; stay open
+            ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+        }
+        ImGui::EndPopup();
+    } else {
+        daemon_stop_confirm_open_ = false;   // dismissed via Esc / click-away = Cancel
+    }
+
+    // Re-enter shutdown outside the popup scope now that the user has chosen (shutdown_confirmed_ set).
+    if (proceed) beginShutdown();
+}
+
 void App::renderShutdownScreen()
 {
     using namespace ui::material;
@@ -5952,6 +6112,10 @@ void App::renderShutdownScreen()
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------
     if (daemon_controller_) {
         auto lines = daemon_controller_->recentLines(8);
+        // External daemon (attached, not spawned) has no captured stdout — tail its debug.log directly
+        // so the user can still watch the node flush the block index and exit.
+        if (lines.empty())
+            lines = tailDaemonDebugLog(8);
         if (!lines.empty()) {
             float panelW = vp_size.x * shutElem("panel-width-fraction", 0.70f);
             float panelX = cx - panelW * 0.5f;

src/app.h

@@ -175,6 +175,21 @@ public:
      */
     void renderShutdownScreen();
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Tail the last N lines of the daemon's debug.log (best-effort, reads only the file tail).
+     * Fallback for the shutdown screen when we have no captured stdout — e.g. an external daemon we
+     * attached to rather than spawned — so the user can still see the node flushing/exiting.
+     */
+    std::vector<std::string> tailDaemonDebugLog(int maxLines) const;
+
+    // True when the daemon's debug.log shows an in-progress Sapling witness-cache rebuild (best-effort
+    // heuristic). Stopping the daemon during one discards it and forces a multi-minute redo next launch.
+    bool daemonWitnessRebuildActive() const;
+    // Whether beginShutdown() should pause and confirm before stopping the daemon (rebuild in progress).
+    bool shouldConfirmDaemonStop() const;
+    // The "node is rebuilding — stop anyway / keep running / cancel" modal, rendered from render().
+    void renderDaemonStopConfirm();
+
     /**
      * @brief Render loading overlay in content area while daemon is starting/syncing
      * @param contentH Height of the content area child window
@@ -817,6 +832,7 @@ private:
     // install) to back up their seed phrase. Cheap early-outs keep it idle until it can act.
     void maybeRemindSeedBackup();
     void maybeWarnEmptyWalletWithFundedSiblings();  // full-node: empty active wallet + a funded sibling → warn once
+    void maybeWarnLargeWallet();                    // full-node: wallet.dat past bloat threshold → one-time toast + clickable alert
     void scanFundedSiblingsAsync();                 // off-UI-thread probe of sibling wallet files
     static void scrubAndRemoveExport(const std::string& path);  // zero + delete a plaintext key export (H-02)
     void sweepStaleDecryptExports();                // startup net: purge stale obsidiandecryptexport* files (H-02)
@@ -903,6 +919,11 @@ private:
     bool address_list_dirty_ = false;   // P8: dedup rebuildAddressList
     GuardedStatus shutdown_status_;   // thread-safe: written by the shutdown thread, read by the UI (M-05)
     std::thread shutdown_thread_;
+    // Confirm-before-stopping-daemon-mid-witness-rebuild guard (see beginShutdown / renderDaemonStopConfirm)
+    bool pending_shutdown_confirm_ = false;       // a quit is deferred, waiting to open the confirm modal
+    bool daemon_stop_confirm_open_ = false;       // the confirm modal is currently showing
+    bool shutdown_confirmed_ = false;             // user chose to proceed — bypass the guard on re-entry
+    bool shutdown_keep_daemon_override_ = false;  // user chose "keep node running" for this shutdown only
     float shutdown_timer_ = 0.0f;
     bool force_quit_confirm_ = false;
     std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point shutdown_start_time_;
@@ -1007,6 +1028,7 @@ private:
     bool seed_backup_loading_ = false;
     bool seed_backup_no_mnemonic_ = false;
     bool seed_backup_reminder_in_flight_ = false;  // guards the one-time backup nudge probe
+    bool large_wallet_checked_ = false;            // gate: stat wallet.dat for the bloat nudge once per launch
 
     // Cached mnemonic status of the current wallet, driving the Migrate-to-seed button glow. Probed
     // once per connect (probeWalletSeedStatus, via exportSeedPhrase); NoMnemonic = a legacy wallet a
@@ -1100,6 +1122,14 @@ private:
     bool daemon_start_error_shown_ = false;
     int daemon_last_seen_crashes_ = 0;  // surface each new embedded-daemon crash reason once
     bool refresh_policy_syncing_ = false;  // whether the sync-throttle refresh profile is active
+    // Sync-settle hysteresis + adaptive balance-poll throttle. Balance polling (z_gettotalbalance) is
+    // O(mapWallet) and holds the daemon's cs_main, which starves block connection on a large shielded
+    // wallet — so we keep the low-impact profile briefly after catching up, and back the balance poll
+    // off in proportion to its own measured cost. See effectivelySyncing() / balanceRefreshDue().
+    bool was_core_syncing_ = false;        // previous Core-refresh sync state, to detect the caught-up edge
+    std::time_t sync_settle_until_ = 0;    // hold the sync-throttle until this wall-clock time (0 = not settling)
+    double last_balance_scan_ms_ = 0.0;    // measured cost of the last z_gettotalbalance scan
+    bool force_balance_refresh_ = false;   // a wallet mutation forces the next balance poll through the throttle
     // Auto-clear for secrets copied to the clipboard. Only a hash of the copied secret is kept.
     std::uint64_t clipboard_secret_hash_ = 0;
     double clipboard_clear_deadline_ = 0.0;
@@ -1437,6 +1467,8 @@ private:
     void refreshPrice();
     void refreshWalletEncryptionState();
     void applyRefreshPolicy(ui::NavPage page);
+    bool effectivelySyncing() const;   // syncing, or within the post-sync settle window (hysteresis)
+    bool balanceRefreshDue() const;    // adaptive: enough time elapsed given the last balance-scan cost?
     bool currentPageNeedsWalletDataRefresh() const;
     bool shouldRunWalletTransactionRefresh() const;
     bool shouldRefreshTransactions() const;

src/app_network.cpp

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include "rpc/connection.h"
 #include "chat/chat_identity.h"  // deriveChatIdentityFromSecret for HushChat identity provisioning
 #include "ui/windows/chat_tab.h"  // ui::ResetChatTab — wipe chat UI plaintext on a wallet switch
+#include "ui/windows/shield_dialog.h"  // ui::ShieldDialog — Merge to Address shortcut from the bloat nudge
 #include "ui/windows/mining_pool_panel.h"  // ui::resolveMiningUserAddress
 #include <sodium.h>              // sodium_memzero for wiping the fetched mnemonic
 #include <cctype>
@@ -836,13 +837,39 @@ void App::applyRefreshPolicy(ui::NavPage page)
     // While the daemon is syncing, override the per-tab cadence with the low-impact sync profile so
     // the wallet stops contending for the daemon's cs_main lock (frequent getpeerinfo / per-block
     // transaction scans / balance polls slow block connection). This makes every tab sync as fast
-    // as the Console tab does today. Reverts to the per-tab profile once sync finishes.
+    // as the Console tab does today. effectivelySyncing() keeps this profile on briefly after catching
-    refresh_policy_syncing_ = state_.sync.syncing;
+    // up (hysteresis) so a large-wallet scan can't immediately re-starve connection and bounce the
+    // node back into "syncing". Reverts to the per-tab profile once the settle window passes.
+    refresh_policy_syncing_ = effectivelySyncing();
     network_refresh_.setIntervals(refresh_policy_syncing_
         ? services::RefreshScheduler::kSyncProfile
         : getIntervalsForPage(page));
 }
 
+// True while the node is behind, and for a short settle window after it first catches up. The settle
+// window is armed only on the syncing→caught-up edge (see the Core refresh callback), so a wallet that
+// was synced from the start is never throttled at connect — only a node that just finished catching up.
+bool App::effectivelySyncing() const
+{
+    if (state_.sync.syncing) return true;
+    if (sync_settle_until_ == 0) return false;      // no pending settle → genuinely caught up
+    return std::time(nullptr) < sync_settle_until_;
+}
+
+// Adaptive throttle: the next balance poll must wait at least (lastScanCost / kBalanceDutyCycle) since
+// the last one, so balance scanning can never occupy more than ~kBalanceDutyCycle of wall-clock. A
+// cheap wallet (sub-cadence cost) is unaffected — the tab's Core timer stays the real cadence; a ~20s
+// scan on a large wallet backs off to roughly every ~200s instead of every 2s, freeing cs_main for
+// block connection. A wallet mutation bypasses this via force_balance_refresh_.
+bool App::balanceRefreshDue() const
+{
+    constexpr double kBalanceDutyCycle = 0.10;
+    if (state_.last_balance_update == 0) return true;   // never fetched
+    if (last_balance_scan_ms_ <= 0.0) return true;      // no cost measured yet
+    const double minInterval = (last_balance_scan_ms_ / 1000.0) / kBalanceDutyCycle;
+    return std::difftime(std::time(nullptr), state_.last_balance_update) >= minInterval;
+}
+
 bool App::currentPageNeedsWalletDataRefresh() const
 {
     using NP = ui::NavPage;
@@ -1665,9 +1692,15 @@ void App::refreshCoreData()
                 ? fast_rpc_.get() : rpc_.get();
     if (!w || !rpc) return;
     ui::NavPage tracePage = current_page_;
-    // Skip the balance call while syncing (it's incomplete anyway and takes the wallet lock +
+    // Decide whether to include the balance call (z_gettotalbalance — O(mapWallet), holds cs_main).
-    // cs_main). Captured on the main thread to avoid reading state_ off the worker thread.
+    // Suppress it (a) while syncing or within the post-sync settle window, so it can't starve block
-    const bool includeBalance = !state_.sync.syncing;
+    // connection, and (b) unless enough time has elapsed given the LAST scan's measured cost, so a
+    // large shielded wallet backs off automatically instead of re-scanning every couple of seconds.
+    // A wallet mutation (send/shield) forces the next poll through so the user's own action updates the
+    // balance immediately. Captured on the main thread to avoid reading state_ off the worker thread.
+    const bool includeBalance = !effectivelySyncing() &&
+                                (force_balance_refresh_ || balanceRefreshDue());
+    if (includeBalance) force_balance_refresh_ = false;
 
     auto enqueued = network_refresh_.enqueue(services::NetworkRefreshService::Job::Core, *w, [this, rpc, tracePage, includeBalance]() -> rpc::RPCWorker::MainCb {
         AppRefreshRpcGateway refreshRpc(*rpc, traceSource(tracePage, "Core refresh"));
@@ -1677,6 +1710,19 @@ void App::refreshCoreData()
                 NetworkRefreshService::applyCoreRefreshResult(state_, result, std::time(nullptr));
                 applyPendingSendBalanceDeltas(true);
 
+                // Feed the adaptive balance throttle + sync-settle hysteresis. Record the last scan's
+                // cost (0 when balance was skipped), and arm the settle window only on the
+                // syncing→caught-up edge so a wallet synced from the start is never throttled at connect.
+                if (result.balanceScanMs > 0.0) last_balance_scan_ms_ = result.balanceScanMs;
+                const bool nowSyncing = state_.sync.syncing;
+                if (nowSyncing) {
+                    sync_settle_until_ = 0;
+                } else if (was_core_syncing_) {
+                    constexpr double kSyncSettleSeconds = 8.0;
+                    sync_settle_until_ = std::time(nullptr) + static_cast<std::time_t>(kSyncSettleSeconds);
+                }
+                was_core_syncing_ = nowSyncing;
+
                 // Mid-session connection-loss detection. During normal operation, both core
                 // RPCs failing together means the daemon connection is dead (a busy daemon
                 // fails them individually, not both at once). Warmup is excluded — both fail
@@ -4232,6 +4278,36 @@ void App::maybeRemindSeedBackup()
     });
 }
 
+// One-time nudge (full-node) when the BDB wallet.dat has bloated past the threshold. Berkeley DB never
+// shrinks in place and shielded-note witness data accumulates, so a mining/shielded wallet can grow
+// unbounded. Fires ONCE (persisted flag) a warning toast + a clickable "Consolidate notes…" entry in the
+// bell/alert panel that opens Merge to Address; re-arms if the file later drops back under the threshold.
+void App::maybeWarnLargeWallet()
+{
+    if (capture_mode_ || lite_wallet_) return;                 // no live nags during a UI sweep; lite has no wallet.dat
+    if (!supportsFullNodeLifecycleActions() || !settings_) return;
+    if (!state_.connected || !state_.encryption_state_known) return;
+    if (state_.warming_up || state_.daemon_initializing || !state_.sync.isSynced()) return;
+    if (large_wallet_checked_) return;                         // stat wallet.dat at most once per launch
+    large_wallet_checked_ = true;
+
+    static constexpr uint64_t kWalletBloatWarnBytes = 500ull * 1024 * 1024;   // 500 MB (matches the Settings banner)
+    const std::string walletPath = util::Platform::getDragonXDataDir() + "/wallet.dat";
+    const uint64_t sz = util::Platform::getFileSize(walletPath);
+    if (sz <= kWalletBloatWarnBytes) {
+        // Re-arm the one-time warning if the file shrank back under the threshold (e.g. after a fresh seed wallet).
+        if (settings_->getLargeWalletWarned()) { settings_->setLargeWalletWarned(false); settings_->save(); }
+        return;
+    }
+    if (settings_->getLargeWalletWarned()) return;             // already warned once for this bloat episode
+    settings_->setLargeWalletWarned(true);
+    settings_->save();
+    ui::Notifications::instance().action(
+        TR("wallet_size_warn"), ui::NotificationType::Warning,
+        []() { ui::ShieldDialog::showConsolidate(); },
+        TR("wallet_size_consolidate"), 12.0f);
+}
+
 // Complementary on-disk safety net (full-node) for a wallet salvage we did NOT witness this launch — it
 // happened on a prior run, or under an external daemon whose startup output we never captured, so
 // detectWalletAutoRecovery() never fired. If the active wallet loads EMPTY while a sibling wallet file in
@@ -4967,21 +5043,12 @@ void App::rebuildWalletDatabase()
                 const std::string tmpOut = datadir + "/wallet.rebuilt-" + std::string(ts) + ".tmp";
                 { std::error_code ec; fs::remove(tmpOut, ec); }   // helper uses DB_EXCL — path must be fresh
 
-                // 3. Run the helper (src -> tmpOut). Quote both paths; capture its JSON line.
+                // 3. Run the helper (src -> tmpOut). Quote both paths; capture its JSON line. Windowless
-                std::string cmd = "\"" + helper + "\" \"" + src + "\" \"" + tmpOut + "\"";
+                //    (runHiddenCapture) so a wallet rebuild never flashes a cmd.exe console; it runs the
-#ifdef _WIN32
+                //    helper via CreateProcess directly on Windows, so no cmd.exe outer-quote wrap is needed.
-                cmd = "\"" + cmd + "\"";                          // cmd.exe strips the outermost quotes
+                const std::string cmd = "\"" + helper + "\" \"" + src + "\" \"" + tmpOut + "\"";
-                FILE* fp = _popen(cmd.c_str(), "r");
+                int rc = -1;
-#else
+                const std::string jout = util::Platform::runHiddenCapture(cmd, /*mergeStderr=*/false, &rc);
-                FILE* fp = popen(cmd.c_str(), "r");
-#endif
-                std::string jout;
-                if (fp) { char b[512]; while (std::fgets(b, sizeof b, fp)) jout += b; }
-#ifdef _WIN32
-                const int rc = fp ? _pclose(fp) : -1;
-#else
-                const int rc = fp ? pclose(fp) : -1;
-#endif
                 DEBUG_LOGF("[App] wallet-rebuild helper rc=%d out=%s\n", rc, jout.c_str());
 
                 // 4. Verify-before-swap: the output must be a readable BDB with the fund-critical keys.
@@ -5269,6 +5336,7 @@ void App::submitZSendMany(const std::string& from, const std::string& to, double
                 // Force transaction list refresh so the sent tx appears immediately
                 transactions_dirty_ = true;
                 last_tx_block_height_ = -1;
+                force_balance_refresh_ = true;  // the user's own send must update the balance now, past the throttle
                 network_refresh_.markWalletMutationRefresh();
                 // z_sendmany only returned an opid: the transaction is built/signed/
                 // broadcast asynchronously by the daemon. Defer the user-facing

src/config/settings.cpp

@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@ bool Settings::load(const std::string& path)
         }
         loadScalar(j, "wizard_completed", wizard_completed_);
         loadScalar(j, "seed_backup_reminded", seed_backup_reminded_);
+        loadScalar(j, "large_wallet_warned", large_wallet_warned_);
         if (j.contains("empty_wallet_warning_acked") && j["empty_wallet_warning_acked"].is_array()) {
             empty_wallet_warning_acked_.clear();
             for (const auto& w : j["empty_wallet_warning_acked"])
@@ -506,6 +507,7 @@ bool Settings::save(const std::string& path)
     }
     j["wizard_completed"] = wizard_completed_;
     j["seed_backup_reminded"] = seed_backup_reminded_;
+    j["large_wallet_warned"] = large_wallet_warned_;
     j["empty_wallet_warning_acked"] = json::array();
     for (const auto& w : empty_wallet_warning_acked_)
         j["empty_wallet_warning_acked"].push_back(w);

src/config/settings.h

@@ -330,6 +330,10 @@ public:
     bool getSeedBackupReminded() const { return seed_backup_reminded_; }
     void setSeedBackupReminded(bool v) { seed_backup_reminded_ = v; }
 
+    // One-time nudge when wallet.dat grows past the bloat threshold (re-armed if it shrinks back).
+    bool getLargeWalletWarned() const { return large_wallet_warned_; }
+    void setLargeWalletWarned(bool v) { large_wallet_warned_ = v; }
+
     // Wallet filenames for which the one-time "this wallet is empty but a sibling holds funds"
     // warning has been dismissed. Keyed per active wallet file so switching to a different empty
     // wallet can warn again (see App::maybeWarnEmptyWalletWithFundedSiblings).
@@ -597,6 +601,7 @@ private:
     std::map<std::string, AddressMeta> address_meta_;
     bool wizard_completed_ = false;
     bool seed_backup_reminded_ = false;
+    bool large_wallet_warned_ = false;
     std::set<std::string> empty_wallet_warning_acked_;  // wallet files whose empty-wallet warning was dismissed
     bool encryption_pending_ = false;
     long long daemon_update_prompted_size_ = 0;  // bundled daemon size last offered via the update prompt

src/daemon/embedded_daemon.cpp

@@ -689,7 +689,10 @@ bool EmbeddedDaemon::startProcess(const std::string& binary_path, const std::vec
                 debug_log_path_.c_str(), debug_log_offset_);
     }
     
-    // Launch daemon with CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE (hidden via SW_HIDE).
+    // Launch daemon windowless. Use CREATE_NO_WINDOW (NOT CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE): CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE
+    // allocates a console window that briefly flashes on screen before SW_HIDE can hide it, which is
+    // visible as a console-window flash on wallet launch. CREATE_NO_WINDOW gives the console child no
+    // window at all (same approach as the xmrig launcher). The daemon logs to debug.log, not a console.
     // The daemon binary must NOT be in the data directory (%APPDATA%\Hush\DRAGONX)
     // — it must be in <exe_dir>/dragonx/ to avoid conflicts with lock files and data.
     STARTUPINFOA si;
@@ -699,7 +702,7 @@ bool EmbeddedDaemon::startProcess(const std::string& binary_path, const std::vec
     si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
     si.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
     ZeroMemory(&pi, sizeof(pi));
-    
+
     char* cmd_line = _strdup(cmd.c_str());
     BOOL success = CreateProcessA(
         NULL,
@@ -707,7 +710,7 @@ bool EmbeddedDaemon::startProcess(const std::string& binary_path, const std::vec
         NULL,
         NULL,
         FALSE,
-        CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE,
+        CREATE_NO_WINDOW,
         NULL,
         work_dir.c_str(),
         &si,

src/daemon/xmrig_manager.cpp

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <curl/curl.h>
 
 #include "../util/logger.h"
+#include "../util/platform.h"
 #include "../util/pool_registry.h"
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
@@ -145,32 +146,18 @@ std::string XmrigManager::findXmrigBinary() {
         return path;
     }
 
-    // Fallback: system PATH
+    // Fallback: system PATH — windowless so it never flashes a console.
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    FILE* f = _popen("where xmrig.exe 2>nul", "r");
+    std::string out = util::Platform::runHiddenCapture("where xmrig.exe");
 #else
-    FILE* f = popen("which xmrig 2>/dev/null", "r");
+    std::string out = util::Platform::runHiddenCapture("which xmrig");
-#endif
-    if (f) {
-        char line[512];
-        if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
-            std::string s(line);
-            while (!s.empty() && (s.back() == '\n' || s.back() == '\r'))
-                s.pop_back();
-            if (!s.empty() && fs::exists(s)) {
-#ifdef _WIN32
-                _pclose(f);
-#else
-                pclose(f);
-#endif
-                return s;
-            }
-        }
-#ifdef _WIN32
-        _pclose(f);
-#else
-        pclose(f);
 #endif
+    {
+        std::string s = out;
+        const auto nl = s.find_first_of("\r\n");   // first line only
+        if (nl != std::string::npos) s.erase(nl);
+        while (!s.empty() && (s.back() == ' ' || s.back() == '\t')) s.pop_back();
+        if (!s.empty() && fs::exists(s)) return s;
     }
 
     return {};
@@ -927,24 +914,10 @@ void XmrigManager::startVersionDetection()
         const bool binShellSafe =
             !bin.empty() && bin.find_first_of("\"'`$;&|<>^%\n\r") == std::string::npos;
         if (binShellSafe) {
-            const std::string cmd = "\"" + bin + "\" --version 2>&1";
+            // Windowless capture (mergeStderr: xmrig may print --version to stderr) — never flashes.
-#ifdef _WIN32
+            const std::string cmd = "\"" + bin + "\" --version";
-            FILE* fp = _popen(cmd.c_str(), "r");
+            const std::string out = util::Platform::runHiddenCapture(cmd, /*mergeStderr=*/true);
-#else
+            if (!out.empty()) ver = parseMinerVersion(out);
-            FILE* fp = popen(cmd.c_str(), "r");
-#endif
-            if (fp) {
-                std::string out;
-                char buf[256];
-                size_t n;
-                while ((n = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf), fp)) > 0) out.append(buf, n);
-#ifdef _WIN32
-                _pclose(fp);
-#else
-                pclose(fp);
-#endif
-                ver = parseMinerVersion(out);
-            }
         }
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_installed_ver_mutex);
         g_installed_ver = ver;

src/services/network_refresh_service.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cctype>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <map>
@@ -294,8 +295,13 @@ NetworkRefreshService::CoreRefreshResult NetworkRefreshService::collectCoreRefre
     json blockInfo;
     bool balanceOk = false;
     bool blockOk = false;
+    double balanceScanMs = 0.0;
 
     if (includeBalance) {
+        // z_gettotalbalance is O(mapWallet) and holds the daemon's cs_main for its whole duration —
+        // seconds on a large shielded wallet. Time it so the caller can throttle how often it polls
+        // (balanceRefreshDue()), keeping balance scans from starving block connection.
+        const auto balanceStart = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
         try {   // DISPLAY total: minconf=0 — includes the user's own pending change so it doesn't crater
             totalBalance = rpc.call("z_gettotalbalance", json::array({0}));
             balanceOk = true;
@@ -305,6 +311,8 @@ NetworkRefreshService::CoreRefreshResult NetworkRefreshService::collectCoreRefre
         try {   // SPENDABLE total: minconf=1 (confirmed). If absent, spendable degrades to display in apply.
             spendableBalance = rpc.call("z_gettotalbalance", json::array({1}));
         } catch (...) {}
+        balanceScanMs = std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(
+            std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - balanceStart).count();
     }
 
     try {
@@ -314,7 +322,9 @@ NetworkRefreshService::CoreRefreshResult NetworkRefreshService::collectCoreRefre
         DEBUG_LOGF("BlockchainInfo error: %s\n", e.what());
     }
 
-    return parseCoreRefreshResult(totalBalance, spendableBalance, balanceOk, blockInfo, blockOk);
+    auto result = parseCoreRefreshResult(totalBalance, spendableBalance, balanceOk, blockInfo, blockOk);
+    result.balanceScanMs = balanceScanMs;
+    return result;
 }
 
 NetworkRefreshService::MiningRefreshResult NetworkRefreshService::parseMiningRefreshResult(

src/services/network_refresh_service.h

@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ public:
         std::optional<double> verificationProgress;
         std::optional<int> longestChain;
         std::optional<int> notarized;
+        double balanceScanMs = 0.0;   // wall-clock spent in z_gettotalbalance this refresh (0 if balance skipped)
     };
 
     struct MiningRefreshResult {

src/ui/notifications.h

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ struct AlertRecord {
     std::string      message;
     NotificationType type;
     std::int64_t     epoch;  // std::time(nullptr) at push — wall-clock, for relative-age display
+    std::function<void()> onClick;     // optional: makes this bell-panel entry actionable
+    std::string      actionHint;       // optional: accent link label rendered for the action
 };
 
 struct Notification {
@@ -92,15 +94,25 @@ public:
         if (duration < 0.0f) duration = schemaDuration("duration-error", 4.0f);
         push(message, NotificationType::Error, duration);
     }
+
+    // An actionable alert: a normal toast PLUS a clickable entry in the bell/alert-history panel.
+    // onClick fires when the user clicks the accent `actionHint` link in that panel.
+    void action(const std::string& message, NotificationType type, std::function<void()> onClick,
+                const std::string& actionHint, float duration = -1.0f) {
+        if (duration < 0.0f) duration = schemaDuration("duration-warning", 3.5f);
+        push(message, type, duration, std::move(onClick), actionHint);
+    }
     
-    void push(const std::string& message, NotificationType type, float duration = 5.0f) {
+    void push(const std::string& message, NotificationType type, float duration = 5.0f,
+              std::function<void()> onClick = nullptr, const std::string& actionHint = "") {
         notifications_.emplace_back(message, type, duration);
 
         // Retain a copy in the persistent history (the toast above will fade in seconds; this
         // survives so the user can review what happened). Thread note: every push is on the UI
         // thread (RPC results run as main-thread MainCb callbacks), so this container needs no lock,
         // consistent with the rest of this class. Do NOT push from a raw worker thread.
-        history_.push_back(AlertRecord{message, type, static_cast<std::int64_t>(std::time(nullptr))});
+        history_.push_back(AlertRecord{message, type, static_cast<std::int64_t>(std::time(nullptr)),
+                                       std::move(onClick), actionHint});
         ++total_pushed_;
         while (history_.size() > kMaxHistory) {
             history_.pop_front();

src/ui/pages/settings_page.cpp

@@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@ void RenderSettingsPage(App* app) {
                 ShieldDialog::show(ShieldDialog::Mode::ShieldCoinbase);
             if (ImGui::IsItemHovered()) material::Tooltip("%s", TR("tt_shield_mining"));
             if (BTN("##wmerge", TR("settings_merge_to_address"), ICON_MD_CALL_MERGE))
-                ShieldDialog::show(ShieldDialog::Mode::MergeToAddress);
+                ShieldDialog::showMerge();
             if (ImGui::IsItemHovered()) material::Tooltip("%s", TR("tt_merge"));
             if (BTN("##wclear", TR("settings_clear_ztx"), ICON_MD_DELETE_SWEEP))
                 s_settingsState.confirm_clear_ztx = true;
@@ -2066,6 +2066,25 @@ void RenderSettingsPage(App* app) {
                         else                 ImGui::TextDisabled("%s", wv);
                     }
 
+                    // Large-wallet nudge: the BDB wallet.dat bloats with shielded-note witness data and
+                    // never shrinks in place. Past a threshold, hint the user toward consolidating notes
+                    // (Merge to Address) to curb further growth. Full-node only (lite has no wallet.dat here).
+                    static constexpr uint64_t kWalletBloatWarnBytes = 500ull * 1024 * 1024;   // 500 MB
+                    if (app->supportsFullNodeLifecycleActions() && wallet_size > kWalletBloatWarnBytes) {
+                        ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(0, Layout::spacingSm()));
+                        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, Warning());
+                        ImGui::PushTextWrapPos(leftX + contentW);
+                        ImGui::TextWrapped("%s", TR("wallet_size_warn"));
+                        ImGui::PopTextWrapPos();
+                        ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+                        if (ImGui::IsItemHovered()) material::Tooltip("%s", TR("tt_wallet_size_warn"));
+                        ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(0, Layout::spacingXs()));
+                        if (material::ActionButton("##walletconsolidate", TR("wallet_size_consolidate"),
+                                                   ICON_MD_CALL_MERGE, material::ActionTier::Secondary))
+                            ShieldDialog::showConsolidate();
+                        if (ImGui::IsItemHovered()) material::Tooltip("%s", TR("tt_merge"));
+                    }
+
                     // Row 3: folder buttons (their own row so the path gets the full width).
                     ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(0, Layout::spacingXs()));
                     material::ButtonFlow ff(contentW);
@@ -2543,6 +2562,7 @@ void RenderSettingsPage(App* app) {
             ImGui::PushFont(body2);
             static const char* kCredits[] = {
                 "The Hush Developers",
+                "The DragonX Developers",
                 "ObsidianDragon Community",
                 "Dear ImGui \xE2\x80\x94 Omar Cornut",
                 "SDL3 \xE2\x80\x94 Sam Lantinga",

src/ui/windows/shield_dialog.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "shield_dialog.h"
 #include "../../app.h"
 #include "../../config/version.h"
+#include "../../data/wallet_state.h"
 #include "../../rpc/rpc_client.h"
 #include "../../rpc/rpc_worker.h"
 #include "../../util/i18n.h"
@@ -15,39 +16,98 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 #include <string>
+#include <cstdio>
 
 namespace dragonx {
 namespace ui {
 
-// Static state
+// ── Static dialog state ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-static bool s_open = false;
+static bool   s_open = false;
 static ShieldDialog::Mode s_mode = ShieldDialog::Mode::ShieldCoinbase;
-static char s_from_address[512] = "*";
+static bool   s_consolidate = false;              // opened from the wallet-bloat nudge (shielded preset + framing)
-static char s_to_address[512] = "";
+static int    s_src = 2;                          // merge source: 0 = transparent, 1 = shielded, 2 = both
+static char   s_from_address[512] = "*";
+static char   s_to_address[512] = "";
+static int    s_selected_zaddr_idx = -1;
 static double s_fee = DRAGONX_DEFAULT_FEE;
-static int s_utxo_limit = 50; // overridden by schema at runtime
+static int    s_utxo_limit = 50;                  // overridden by schema at runtime
-static bool s_operation_pending = false;
+static bool   s_advanced = false;                 // Advanced (fee + batch size) disclosure
+static bool   s_confirm = false;                  // inline "confirm before moving funds" phase
+static bool   s_operation_pending = false;
+static bool   s_op_terminal = false;              // async op reached success/failed — freeze inputs
 static std::string s_operation_id;
 static std::string s_status_message;
-static int s_selected_zaddr_idx = -1;
+static double s_last_poll = 0.0;                  // live-progress self-poll timer (ImGui::GetTime seconds)
+// Scope of what can be consolidated (fetched once on open, merge mode only).
+static bool   s_scope_loading = false;
+static bool   s_scope_loaded = false;
+static int    s_t_count = 0, s_z_count = 0;
+static double s_t_amount = 0.0, s_z_amount = 0.0;
+static bool   s_creating_addr = false;            // z_getnewaddress in flight (empty state)
+
+static void resetTransient()
+{
+    s_operation_pending = false;
+    s_op_terminal = false;
+    s_confirm = false;
+    s_status_message.clear();
+    s_operation_id.clear();
+    s_creating_addr = false;
+}
+
+// Count + sum spendable transparent UTXOs and shielded notes so the user can see the scope of a
+// consolidation (and how many batches it may take). Read-only; runs off the UI thread.
+static void loadScope(App* app)
+{
+    if (!app || !app->worker()) return;
+    s_scope_loading = true; s_scope_loaded = false;
+    app->worker()->post([app, rpc = app->rpc()]() -> rpc::RPCWorker::MainCb {
+        int tC = 0, zC = 0; double tA = 0.0, zA = 0.0; std::string error;
+        try {
+            rpc::RPCClient::TraceScope trace("Shield dialog / Scope count");
+            nlohmann::json us = rpc->call("listunspent", nlohmann::json::array({0}));
+            if (us.is_array()) for (const auto& u : us) {
+                if (u.value("confirmations", 0) >= 1 && u.value("spendable", true)) { ++tC; tA += u.value("amount", 0.0); }
+            }
+            nlohmann::json zs = rpc->call("z_listunspent", nlohmann::json::array({0}));
+            if (zs.is_array()) for (const auto& z : zs) {
+                if (z.value("confirmations", 0) >= 1) { ++zC; zA += z.value("amount", 0.0); }
+            }
+        } catch (const std::exception& e) { error = e.what(); }
+        return [tC, zC, tA, zA, error]() {
+            s_scope_loading = false; s_scope_loaded = error.empty();
+            s_t_count = tC; s_z_count = zC; s_t_amount = tA; s_z_amount = zA;
+            // Clamp the source to what actually has inputs (unless the user is mid-op).
+            const bool tOk = tC > 0, zOk = zC > 0;
+            if (!s_operation_pending) {
+                if (s_consolidate && zOk)      s_src = 1;               // bloat nudge → shielded
+                else if (s_src == 0 && !tOk)   s_src = zOk ? 1 : 2;
+                else if (s_src == 1 && !zOk)   s_src = tOk ? 0 : 2;
+                else if (!tOk && zOk)          s_src = 1;
+                else if (tOk && !zOk)          s_src = 0;
+            }
+        };
+    });
+}
 
 void ShieldDialog::show(Mode mode)
 {
     s_mode = mode;
     s_open = true;
-    s_operation_pending = false;
+    s_consolidate = false;           // reset preset flags so stale statics don't leak across opens
-    s_status_message.clear();
+    s_src = 2;
-    s_operation_id.clear();
+    resetTransient();
-    
+    s_from_address[0] = '\0';
-    if (mode == Mode::ShieldCoinbase) {
+    if (mode == Mode::ShieldCoinbase) strncpy(s_from_address, "*", sizeof(s_from_address));
-        strncpy(s_from_address, "*", sizeof(s_from_address));
-    } else {
-        s_from_address[0] = '\0';
-    }
     s_to_address[0] = '\0';
+    s_selected_zaddr_idx = -1;
     s_fee = DRAGONX_DEFAULT_FEE;
     s_utxo_limit = (int)schema::UI().drawElement("business", "utxo-limit").size;
-    s_selected_zaddr_idx = -1;
+    if (s_utxo_limit < 1) s_utxo_limit = 50;
+    s_advanced = false;
+    s_scope_loaded = false; s_scope_loading = false;
+    s_t_count = s_z_count = 0; s_t_amount = s_z_amount = 0.0;
+    s_last_poll = 0.0;
 }
 
 void ShieldDialog::showShieldCoinbase(const std::string& fromAddress)
@@ -59,14 +119,146 @@ void ShieldDialog::showShieldCoinbase(const std::string& fromAddress)
 void ShieldDialog::showMerge()
 {
     show(Mode::MergeToAddress);
+    s_consolidate = false;
+    s_src = 2;                       // generic merge: both sources
+}
+
+void ShieldDialog::showConsolidate()
+{
+    show(Mode::MergeToAddress);
+    s_consolidate = true;
+    s_src = 1;                       // wallet-bloat consolidation targets shielded notes (witness bloat)
 }
 
 void ShieldDialog::hide()
 {
     s_open = false;
-    s_operation_pending = false;
+    resetTransient();
-    s_status_message.clear();
+}
-    s_operation_id.clear();
+
+// Relevant count/amount for the currently-selected merge source.
+static int    srcCount()  { return s_src == 0 ? s_t_count : s_src == 1 ? s_z_count : (s_t_count + s_z_count); }
+static double srcAmount() { return s_src == 0 ? s_t_amount : s_src == 1 ? s_z_amount : (s_t_amount + s_z_amount); }
+
+static std::string fmtAmt(double v) { char b[48]; std::snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%.4f", v); return b; }
+
+static std::string shortAddr(const std::string& a)
+{
+    if (a.size() <= 20) return a;
+    return a.substr(0, 10) + "…" + a.substr(a.size() - 8);
+}
+
+// Auto-pick the best spendable z-address as the default destination (fewest hops for the user).
+static void autoSelectDestination(const WalletState& state)
+{
+    if (s_to_address[0] != '\0' || state.z_addresses.empty()) return;
+    int idx = bestSpendableAddressIndex(state.z_addresses);
+    if (idx < 0) idx = 0;
+    s_selected_zaddr_idx = idx;
+    strncpy(s_to_address, state.z_addresses[idx].address.c_str(), sizeof(s_to_address) - 1);
+}
+
+// Fire the actual shield/merge op. Registers the opid with the shared poller (for balance refresh)
+// AND kicks the modal's own live-progress poll.
+static void submitOperation(App* app)
+{
+    s_operation_pending = true;
+    s_op_terminal = false;
+    s_status_message = TR("shield_submitting");
+    s_last_poll = ImGui::GetTime();
+
+    if (s_mode == ShieldDialog::Mode::ShieldCoinbase) {
+        std::string from(s_from_address), to(s_to_address);
+        double fee = s_fee; int limit = s_utxo_limit;
+        if (!app->worker()) return;
+        app->worker()->post([app, rpc = app->rpc(), from, to, fee, limit]() -> rpc::RPCWorker::MainCb {
+            nlohmann::json result; std::string error;
+            try {
+                rpc::RPCClient::TraceScope trace("Shield dialog / Shield coinbase");
+                result = rpc->call("z_shieldcoinbase", {from, to, fee, limit});
+            } catch (const std::exception& e) { error = e.what(); }
+            return [app, result, error]() {
+                if (error.empty()) {
+                    s_operation_id = result.value("opid", "");
+                    s_status_message = TR("merge_progress");
+                    Notifications::instance().success(TR("shield_started"));
+                    app->trackOperation(s_operation_id);
+                } else {
+                    s_operation_pending = false; s_op_terminal = true;
+                    s_status_message = std::string(TR("shield_error_prefix")) + error;
+                    Notifications::instance().error(std::string(TR("shield_send_failed")) + error);
+                }
+            };
+        });
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Merge / consolidate. Source → z_mergetoaddress fromaddress selector (this is the fix: shielded
+    // notes, not just transparent UTXOs — the wallet-bloat the nudge warns about is shielded witnesses).
+    std::vector<std::string> fromAddrs;
+    if      (s_src == 0) fromAddrs = { "ANY_TADDR" };
+    else if (s_src == 1) fromAddrs = { "ANY_SAPLING" };
+    else                 fromAddrs = { "*" };
+    std::string to(s_to_address);
+    double fee = s_fee; int limit = s_utxo_limit;
+    if (!app->worker()) return;
+    app->worker()->post([app, rpc = app->rpc(), fromAddrs, to, fee, limit]() -> rpc::RPCWorker::MainCb {
+        nlohmann::json addrs = nlohmann::json::array();
+        for (const auto& a : fromAddrs) addrs.push_back(a);
+        nlohmann::json result; std::string error;
+        try {
+            rpc::RPCClient::TraceScope trace("Shield dialog / Consolidate");
+            // fromaddrs, toaddr, fee, transparent_limit, shielded_limit — cap both to the batch size.
+            result = rpc->call("z_mergetoaddress", {addrs, to, fee, limit, limit});
+        } catch (const std::exception& e) { error = e.what(); }
+        return [app, result, error]() {
+            if (error.empty()) {
+                s_operation_id = result.value("opid", "");
+                s_status_message = TR("merge_progress");
+                Notifications::instance().success(TR("merge_started"));
+                app->trackOperation(s_operation_id);
+            } else {
+                s_operation_pending = false; s_op_terminal = true;
+                s_status_message = std::string(TR("shield_error_prefix")) + error;
+                Notifications::instance().error(std::string(TR("merge_send_failed")) + error);
+            }
+        };
+    });
+}
+
+// Live-progress self-poll: while an op is in flight, poll z_getoperationstatus every ~2s so the modal
+// shows "Consolidating… → Done/Failed" without a manual button. (The shared poller also tracks it for
+// balance refresh; this drives only the inline display.)
+static void pollOperation(App* app)
+{
+    if (s_operation_id.empty() || s_op_terminal || !app->worker()) return;
+    const double now = ImGui::GetTime();
+    if (now - s_last_poll < 2.0) return;
+    s_last_poll = now;
+    std::string opid = s_operation_id;
+    app->worker()->post([rpc = app->rpc(), opid]() -> rpc::RPCWorker::MainCb {
+        nlohmann::json result; std::string error;
+        try {
+            rpc::RPCClient::TraceScope trace("Shield dialog / Op status");
+            result = rpc->call("z_getoperationstatus", {nlohmann::json::array({opid})});
+        } catch (const std::exception& e) { error = e.what(); }
+        return [result, error]() {
+            if (!error.empty() || !result.is_array() || result.empty()) return;   // transient — retry next tick
+            const auto& op = result[0];
+            const std::string status = op.value("status", "");
+            if (status == "success") {
+                s_operation_pending = false; s_op_terminal = true;
+                s_status_message = TR("shield_completed");
+                Notifications::instance().success(TR("shield_merge_done"));
+            } else if (status == "failed") {
+                std::string msg = op.value("error", nlohmann::json{}).value("message", std::string(TR("shield_unknown_error")));
+                s_operation_pending = false; s_op_terminal = true;
+                s_status_message = std::string(TR("shield_op_failed")) + msg;
+                Notifications::instance().error(std::string(TR("shield_op_failed")) + msg);
+            }
+            // queued / executing → leave the "Consolidating…" message and keep polling.
+        };
+    });
 }
 
 void ShieldDialog::render(App* app)
@@ -74,263 +266,221 @@ void ShieldDialog::render(App* app)
     if (!s_open) return;
 
     auto& S = schema::UI();
-    auto win = S.window("dialogs.shield");
+    auto win        = S.window("dialogs.shield");
-    auto addrLbl = S.label("dialogs.shield", "address-label");
+    auto addrLbl    = S.label("dialogs.shield", "address-label");
-    auto addrFrontLbl = S.label("dialogs.shield", "address-front-label");
+    auto addrFront  = S.label("dialogs.shield", "address-front-label");
-    auto addrBackLbl = S.label("dialogs.shield", "address-back-label");
+    auto addrBack   = S.label("dialogs.shield", "address-back-label");
-    auto feeInput = S.input("dialogs.shield", "fee-input");
+    auto feeInput   = S.input("dialogs.shield", "fee-input");
-    auto utxoInput = S.input("dialogs.shield", "utxo-limit-input");
+    auto utxoInput  = S.input("dialogs.shield", "utxo-limit-input");
-    auto shieldBtn = S.button("dialogs.shield", "shield-button");
+    auto shieldBtn  = S.button("dialogs.shield", "shield-button");
-    auto cancelBtn = S.button("dialogs.shield", "cancel-button");
+    auto cancelBtn  = S.button("dialogs.shield", "cancel-button");
+    const float dp  = Layout::dpiScale();
+    const bool  isMerge = (s_mode == Mode::MergeToAddress);
 
-    const char* title = (s_mode == Mode::ShieldCoinbase) 
+    const char* title = s_consolidate ? TR("consolidate_title")
-        ? TR("shield_title") 
+                      : isMerge        ? TR("merge_title")
-        : TR("merge_title");
+                                       : TR("shield_title");
 
     material::OverlayDialogSpec ov;
     ov.title = title; ov.p_open = &s_open;
     ov.style = material::OverlayStyle::BlurFloat;
     ov.cardWidth = win.width; ov.idSuffix = "shielddialog";
-    if (material::BeginOverlayDialog(ov)) {
+    if (!material::BeginOverlayDialog(ov)) return;
-        const auto& state = app->getWalletState();
 
-        // Description
+    const auto& state = app->getWalletState();
-        if (s_mode == Mode::ShieldCoinbase) {
+    autoSelectDestination(state);
-            ImGui::TextWrapped("%s", TR("shield_description"));
+    pollOperation(app);
-        } else {
+    if (isMerge && !s_scope_loaded && !s_scope_loading && s_operation_id.empty()) loadScope(app);
-            ImGui::TextWrapped("%s", TR("merge_description"));
+
+    // ── Description ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    ImGui::TextWrapped("%s", s_consolidate ? TR("consolidate_desc")
+                            : isMerge       ? TR("merge_description")
+                                            : TR("shield_description"));
+    ImGui::Spacing();
+
+    const bool opInFlight = !s_operation_id.empty();   // submitted — inputs frozen, showing progress
+
+    // ── Merge: scope + source selector ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    if (isMerge && !opInFlight) {
+        if (s_scope_loading) {
+            material::Type().textColored(material::TypeStyle::Caption, material::OnSurfaceMedium(),
+                                         TR("merge_scope_loading"));
+        } else if (s_scope_loaded) {
+            char buf[160];
+            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), TR("merge_scope_fmt"),
+                          s_t_count, s_z_count, fmtAmt(s_t_amount + s_z_amount).c_str());
+            material::Type().textColored(material::TypeStyle::Caption, material::OnSurfaceMedium(), buf);
         }
-
         ImGui::Spacing();
 
-        // From address (for shield coinbase)
+        // Source selector — only offer the types that actually have inputs.
-        if (s_mode == Mode::ShieldCoinbase) {
+        const bool tOk = s_t_count > 0, zOk = s_z_count > 0;
-            material::LabeledInput(TR("shield_from_address"), "##FromAddr", s_from_address, sizeof(s_from_address));
+        if (tOk && zOk) {
-            ImGui::TextDisabled("%s", TR("shield_wildcard_hint"));
+            ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted(TR("merge_source"));
+            ImGui::SameLine(0, Layout::spacingLg());
+            ImGui::RadioButton(TR("merge_src_shielded"), &s_src, 1); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::RadioButton(TR("merge_src_transparent"), &s_src, 0); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::RadioButton(TR("merge_src_both"), &s_src, 2);
             ImGui::Spacing();
         }
-
-        // To address (z-address dropdown)
-        ImGui::Text("%s", TR("shield_to_address"));
-        
-        // Get z-addresses for dropdown
-        std::string to_display = s_to_address[0] ? s_to_address : TR("shield_select_z");
-        if (to_display.length() > static_cast<size_t>(addrLbl.truncate)) {
-            to_display = to_display.substr(0, addrFrontLbl.truncate) + "..." + to_display.substr(to_display.length() - addrBackLbl.truncate);
-        }
-        
-        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(-1);
-        if (ImGui::BeginCombo("##ToAddr", to_display.c_str())) {
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < state.z_addresses.size(); i++) {
-                const auto& addr = state.z_addresses[i];
-                std::string label = addr.address;
-                if (label.length() > static_cast<size_t>(addrLbl.truncate)) {
-                    label = label.substr(0, addrFrontLbl.truncate) + "..." + label.substr(label.length() - addrBackLbl.truncate);
-                }
-                
-                bool selected = (s_selected_zaddr_idx == static_cast<int>(i));
-                if (ImGui::Selectable(label.c_str(), selected)) {
-                    s_selected_zaddr_idx = static_cast<int>(i);
-                    strncpy(s_to_address, addr.address.c_str(), sizeof(s_to_address) - 1);
-                }
-                if (selected) {
-                    ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
-                }
-            }
-            ImGui::EndCombo();
-        }
-        if (state.z_addresses.empty()) {
-            material::Type().textColored(material::TypeStyle::Caption, material::Warning(),
-                TR("shield_no_zaddr_hint"));
-        }
-
-        ImGui::Spacing();
-
-        // Fee + UTXO limit share one row (two columns) to tighten vertical rhythm.
-        float pairColX = ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x * 0.5f;
-
-        // Fee (left column)
-        ImGui::Text("%s", TR("fee_label"));
-        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(feeInput.width * Layout::dpiScale());
-        ImGui::InputDouble("##Fee", &s_fee, 0.0001, 0.001, "%.8f");
-        if (s_fee < 0.0) s_fee = 0.0;          // no negative fee
-        if (s_fee > 1.0) s_fee = 1.0;          // guard a fat-fingered huge fee (mirrors utxo clamp)
-        ImGui::SameLine();
-        ImGui::TextDisabled("DRGX");
-
-        // UTXO limit (right column) — hint drops under the input (rather than beside it) since
-        // "Max UTXOs per operation" is too long to share the narrower half-width column with "DRGX".
-        ImGui::SameLine(pairColX);
-        ImGui::BeginGroup();
-        ImGui::Text("%s", TR("shield_utxo_limit"));
-        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(utxoInput.width * Layout::dpiScale());
-        ImGui::InputInt("##Limit", &s_utxo_limit);
-        if (s_utxo_limit < 1) s_utxo_limit = 1;
-        if (s_utxo_limit > 100) s_utxo_limit = 100;
-        material::Type().textColored(material::TypeStyle::Caption, material::OnSurfaceMedium(),
-            TR("shield_max_utxos"));
-        ImGui::EndGroup();
-
-        ImGui::Spacing();
-
-        // Status message
-        if (!s_status_message.empty()) {
-            if (s_operation_pending) {
-                ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.0f, 0.8f, 0.0f, 1.0f), "%s", s_status_message.c_str());
-            } else {
-                ImGui::TextWrapped("%s", s_status_message.c_str());
-            }
-            ImGui::Spacing();
-        }
-
-        // Buttons — guard on connection/sync like the Send tab (a disconnected or mid-sync submit just
-        // fails at the daemon with a raw error).
-        bool sh_connected = app->isConnected();
-        bool sh_syncing   = state.sync.syncing;
-        bool can_submit = !s_operation_pending && s_to_address[0] != '\0' && sh_connected && !sh_syncing;
-
-        // Center the primary + Cancel action row via the shared footer helper. We can't use
-        // DialogActionFooter here because the primary button carries a disabled-hover tooltip that must
-        // fire on ITS item (the helper draws primary+Close internally, leaving no hook between them), so
-        // we keep the two TactileButtons + the interleaved tooltip and only standardize the placement.
-        const char* btn_label = (s_mode == Mode::ShieldCoinbase) ? TR("shield_funds") : TR("merge_funds");
-        float footerBtnW = shieldBtn.width + cancelBtn.width + ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.x;
-        material::BeginOverlayDialogFooter(footerBtnW, /*drawSeparator=*/false);
-
-        if (!can_submit) ImGui::BeginDisabled();
-
-        if (material::TactileButton(btn_label, ImVec2(shieldBtn.width, 0), S.resolveFont(shieldBtn.font))) {
-            s_operation_pending = true;
-            s_status_message = TR("shield_submitting");
-            
-            if (s_mode == Mode::ShieldCoinbase) {
-                std::string from(s_from_address), to(s_to_address);
-                double fee = s_fee;
-                int limit = s_utxo_limit;
-                if (app->worker()) {
-                    app->worker()->post([app, rpc = app->rpc(), from, to, fee, limit]() -> rpc::RPCWorker::MainCb {
-                        nlohmann::json result;
-                        std::string error;
-                        try {
-                            rpc::RPCClient::TraceScope trace("Send tab / Shield coinbase");
-                            result = rpc->call("z_shieldcoinbase", {from, to, fee, limit});
-                        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-                            error = e.what();
-                        }
-                        return [app, result, error]() {
-                            s_operation_pending = false;
-                            if (error.empty()) {
-                                s_operation_id = result.value("opid", "");
-                                s_status_message = std::string(TR("shield_op_submitted")) + s_operation_id;
-                                Notifications::instance().success(TR("shield_started"));
-                                // Register with the shared poller so an async failure is
-                                // surfaced (and balances refresh) even after this dialog closes.
-                                app->trackOperation(s_operation_id);
-                            } else {
-                                s_status_message = std::string(TR("shield_error_prefix")) + error;
-                                Notifications::instance().error(std::string(TR("shield_send_failed")) + error);
-                            }
-                        };
-                    });
-                }
-            } else {
-                std::vector<std::string> fromAddrs;
-                fromAddrs.push_back("ANY_TADDR");
-                std::string to(s_to_address);
-                double fee = s_fee;
-                int limit = s_utxo_limit;
-                if (app->worker()) {
-                    app->worker()->post([app, rpc = app->rpc(), fromAddrs, to, fee, limit]() -> rpc::RPCWorker::MainCb {
-                        nlohmann::json addrs = nlohmann::json::array();
-                        for (const auto& addr : fromAddrs) addrs.push_back(addr);
-                        nlohmann::json result;
-                        std::string error;
-                        try {
-                            rpc::RPCClient::TraceScope trace("Send tab / Merge funds");
-                            result = rpc->call("z_mergetoaddress", {addrs, to, fee, 0, limit});
-                        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-                            error = e.what();
-                        }
-                        return [app, result, error]() {
-                            s_operation_pending = false;
-                            if (error.empty()) {
-                                s_operation_id = result.value("opid", "");
-                                s_status_message = std::string(TR("shield_op_submitted")) + s_operation_id;
-                                Notifications::instance().success(TR("merge_started"));
-                                // Register with the shared poller so an async failure is
-                                // surfaced (and balances refresh) even after this dialog closes.
-                                app->trackOperation(s_operation_id);
-                            } else {
-                                s_status_message = std::string(TR("shield_error_prefix")) + error;
-                                Notifications::instance().error(std::string(TR("merge_send_failed")) + error);
-                            }
-                        };
-                    });
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        
-        if (!can_submit) ImGui::EndDisabled();
-        if (!can_submit && ImGui::IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenDisabled)) {
-            if (!sh_connected)              material::Tooltip("%s", TR("send_tooltip_not_connected"));
-            else if (sh_syncing)           material::Tooltip("%s", TR("send_tooltip_syncing"));
-            else if (s_to_address[0]=='\0') material::Tooltip("%s", TR("shield_select_z"));
-        }
-
-        ImGui::SameLine();
-        
-        if (material::TactileButton(TR("cancel"), ImVec2(cancelBtn.width, 0), S.resolveFont(cancelBtn.font))) {
-            s_open = false;
-        }
-
-        // Show operation status if we have an opid
-        if (!s_operation_id.empty()) {
-            ImGui::Spacing();
-            ImGui::Separator();
-            ImGui::Spacing();
-            
-            ImGui::Text(TR("shield_operation_id"), s_operation_id.c_str());
-            
-            if (material::TactileButton(TR("shield_check_status"), ImVec2(0,0), S.resolveFont(shieldBtn.font))) {
-                std::string opid = s_operation_id;
-                if (app->worker()) {
-                    app->worker()->post([rpc = app->rpc(), opid]() -> rpc::RPCWorker::MainCb {
-                        nlohmann::json result;
-                        std::string error;
-                        try {
-                            rpc::RPCClient::TraceScope trace("Send tab / Shield operation status");
-                            nlohmann::json ids = nlohmann::json::array();
-                            ids.push_back(opid);
-                            result = rpc->call("z_getoperationstatus", {ids});
-                        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-                            error = e.what();
-                        }
-                        return [result, error]() {
-                            if (error.empty() && result.is_array() && !result.empty()) {
-                                auto& op = result[0];
-                                std::string status = op.value("status", "unknown");
-                                if (status == "success") {
-                                    s_status_message = TR("shield_completed");
-                                    Notifications::instance().success(TR("shield_merge_done"));
-                                } else if (status == "failed") {
-                                    std::string errMsg = op.value("error", nlohmann::json{}).value("message", TR("shield_unknown_error"));
-                                    s_status_message = std::string(TR("shield_op_failed")) + errMsg;
-                                    Notifications::instance().error(std::string(TR("shield_op_failed")) + errMsg);
-                                } else if (status == "executing") {
-                                    s_status_message = TR("shield_in_progress");
-                                } else {
-                                    s_status_message = std::string(TR("shield_status_label")) + status;
-                                }
-                            } else if (!error.empty()) {
-                                s_status_message = std::string(TR("shield_status_check_error")) + error;
-                            }
-                        };
-                    });
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        material::EndOverlayDialog();
     }
+
+    // ── Shield coinbase: from address ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    if (!isMerge && !opInFlight) {
+        material::LabeledInput(TR("shield_from_address"), "##FromAddr", s_from_address, sizeof(s_from_address));
+        ImGui::TextDisabled("%s", TR("shield_wildcard_hint"));
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+    }
+
+    // ── Destination (z-address) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    if (!opInFlight) {
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted(TR("shield_to_address"));
+        if (state.z_addresses.empty()) {
+            material::Type().textColored(material::TypeStyle::Caption, material::Warning(), TR("shield_no_zaddr_hint"));
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+            if (s_creating_addr) {
+                ImGui::TextDisabled("%s", TR("merge_creating"));
+            } else if (material::TactileButton(TR("merge_create_zaddr"), ImVec2(0, 0), S.resolveFont(shieldBtn.font))) {
+                s_creating_addr = true;
+                if (app->worker()) app->worker()->post([app, rpc = app->rpc()]() -> rpc::RPCWorker::MainCb {
+                    std::string addr, error;
+                    try {
+                        rpc::RPCClient::TraceScope trace("Shield dialog / New z-address");
+                        addr = rpc->call("z_getnewaddress", nlohmann::json::array()).get<std::string>();
+                    } catch (const std::exception& e) { error = e.what(); }
+                    return [app, addr, error]() {
+                        s_creating_addr = false;
+                        if (error.empty() && !addr.empty()) {
+                            strncpy(s_to_address, addr.c_str(), sizeof(s_to_address) - 1);
+                            Notifications::instance().success(TR("merge_addr_created"));
+                        } else {
+                            Notifications::instance().error(std::string(TR("shield_error_prefix")) + error);
+                        }
+                    };
+                });
+            }
+        } else {
+            std::string to_display = s_to_address[0] ? s_to_address : TR("shield_select_z");
+            if (to_display.length() > static_cast<size_t>(addrLbl.truncate))
+                to_display = to_display.substr(0, addrFront.truncate) + "..." + to_display.substr(to_display.length() - addrBack.truncate);
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(-1);
+            if (ImGui::BeginCombo("##ToAddr", to_display.c_str())) {
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < state.z_addresses.size(); i++) {
+                    std::string label = state.z_addresses[i].address;
+                    if (label.length() > static_cast<size_t>(addrLbl.truncate))
+                        label = label.substr(0, addrFront.truncate) + "..." + label.substr(label.length() - addrBack.truncate);
+                    bool selected = (s_selected_zaddr_idx == static_cast<int>(i));
+                    if (ImGui::Selectable(label.c_str(), selected)) {
+                        s_selected_zaddr_idx = static_cast<int>(i);
+                        strncpy(s_to_address, state.z_addresses[i].address.c_str(), sizeof(s_to_address) - 1);
+                    }
+                    if (selected) ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndCombo();
+            }
+        }
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+
+        // ── Advanced (fee + batch size) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+        ImDrawList* dl = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
+        material::CollapsibleHeader(dl, "##AdvToggle", TR("merge_advanced"), s_advanced,
+                                    ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x, material::Type().caption(),
+                                    material::OnSurfaceMedium());
+        if (s_advanced) {
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted(TR("fee_label"));
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(feeInput.width * dp);
+            ImGui::InputDouble("##Fee", &s_fee, 0.0001, 0.001, "%.8f");
+            if (s_fee < 0.0) s_fee = 0.0;
+            if (s_fee > 1.0) s_fee = 1.0;
+            ImGui::SameLine(); ImGui::TextDisabled("DRGX");
+            material::Type().textColored(material::TypeStyle::Caption, material::OnSurfaceMedium(), TR("merge_fee_hint"));
+
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted(TR("merge_max_inputs"));
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(utxoInput.width * dp);
+            ImGui::InputInt("##Limit", &s_utxo_limit);
+            if (s_utxo_limit < 1)   s_utxo_limit = 1;
+            if (s_utxo_limit > 100) s_utxo_limit = 100;
+        }
+
+        // Batch hint: one run only merges up to the limit; large sets need repeats.
+        if (isMerge && s_scope_loaded && srcCount() > s_utxo_limit) {
+            char hb[160];
+            std::snprintf(hb, sizeof(hb), TR("merge_batch_fmt"), s_utxo_limit);
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+            material::Type().textColored(material::TypeStyle::Caption, material::Warning(), hb);
+        }
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+    }
+
+    // ── Live progress / status ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    if (!s_status_message.empty()) {
+        if (s_operation_pending && !s_op_terminal)
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.0f, 0.8f, 0.0f, 1.0f), "%s", s_status_message.c_str());
+        else
+            ImGui::TextWrapped("%s", s_status_message.c_str());
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+    }
+
+    // ── Footer ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    const bool connected = app->isConnected();
+    const bool syncing    = state.sync.syncing;
+    const bool haveDest   = s_to_address[0] != '\0';
+
+    if (opInFlight) {
+        // After submit: just a Close button (progress shows above; op continues in the background).
+        material::BeginOverlayDialogFooter(cancelBtn.width, /*drawSeparator=*/false);
+        if (material::TactileButton(s_op_terminal ? TR("done") : TR("close"),
+                                    ImVec2(cancelBtn.width, 0), S.resolveFont(cancelBtn.font)))
+            s_open = false;
+        material::EndOverlayDialog();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const char* primaryLabel = s_confirm ? TR("merge_confirm_btn")
+                             : s_consolidate ? TR("consolidate_funds_btn")
+                             : isMerge ? TR("merge_funds")
+                                       : TR("shield_funds");
+    const char* secondaryLabel = s_confirm ? TR("merge_back") : TR("cancel");
+
+    // Confirm summary (inline, before the fund-moving call). Merge/consolidate shows amount + input
+    // count; shield-coinbase just gets the button relabel (its inputs aren't enumerated here).
+    if (s_confirm && isMerge) {
+        char cb[200];
+        std::snprintf(cb, sizeof(cb), TR("merge_confirm_fmt"),
+                      fmtAmt(srcAmount()).c_str(), srcCount(), shortAddr(s_to_address).c_str());
+        ImGui::TextWrapped("%s", cb);
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+    }
+
+    bool can_submit = haveDest && connected && !syncing;
+    if (isMerge && s_scope_loaded && srcCount() == 0) can_submit = false;
+
+    float footerBtnW = shieldBtn.width + cancelBtn.width + ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.x;
+    material::BeginOverlayDialogFooter(footerBtnW, /*drawSeparator=*/false);
+
+    if (!can_submit) ImGui::BeginDisabled();
+    if (material::TactileButton(primaryLabel, ImVec2(shieldBtn.width, 0), S.resolveFont(shieldBtn.font))) {
+        if (s_confirm) { submitOperation(app); }
+        else           { s_confirm = true; }     // first click → show the confirm summary
+    }
+    if (!can_submit) ImGui::EndDisabled();
+    if (!can_submit && ImGui::IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenDisabled)) {
+        if (!connected)                              material::Tooltip("%s", TR("send_tooltip_not_connected"));
+        else if (syncing)                            material::Tooltip("%s", TR("send_tooltip_syncing"));
+        else if (!haveDest)                          material::Tooltip("%s", TR("shield_select_z"));
+        else if (isMerge && srcCount() == 0)         material::Tooltip("%s", TR("merge_no_spendable"));
+    }
+
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+    if (material::TactileButton(secondaryLabel, ImVec2(cancelBtn.width, 0), S.resolveFont(cancelBtn.font))) {
+        if (s_confirm) s_confirm = false;         // Back → return to the form
+        else           s_open = false;            // Cancel → close
+    }
+
+    material::EndOverlayDialog();
 }
 
 } // namespace ui

src/ui/windows/shield_dialog.h

@@ -33,10 +33,16 @@ public:
     static void showShieldCoinbase(const std::string& fromAddress = "*");
 
     /**
-     * @brief Show merge to address dialog
+     * @brief Show merge to address dialog (generic — both transparent + shielded sources)
      */
     static void showMerge();
 
+    /**
+     * @brief Show the consolidate-funds flow preset for wallet-bloat reduction (shielded notes).
+     *        Used by the large-wallet nudges (Settings banner + alert action).
+     */
+    static void showConsolidate();
+
     /**
      * @brief Render the dialog (call each frame)
      */

src/util/i18n.cpp

@@ -667,6 +667,9 @@ void I18n::loadBuiltinEnglish()
         strings_["wiz_pin_mismatch"] = "PINs do not match";
         strings_["settings_data_dir"] = "Data Dir";
         strings_["settings_wallet_size_label"] = "Wallet Size";
+        strings_["wallet_size_warn"] = "This wallet file is large. Consolidating your notes can curb further growth.";
+        strings_["tt_wallet_size_warn"] = "Shielded wallets grow with each note's witness data — merging many notes into one address reduces it. Back up first.";
+        strings_["wallet_size_consolidate"] = "Consolidate notes\xE2\x80\xA6";
         strings_["settings_debug_changed"] = "Debug categories changed \xe2\x80\x94 restart daemon to apply";
         strings_["settings_auto_detected"] = "Auto-detected from DRAGONX.conf";
         strings_["settings_visual_effects"] = "Visual Effects";
@@ -1453,8 +1456,8 @@ void I18n::loadBuiltinEnglish()
         strings_["sb_daemon_extract_failed"] = "Failed to write daemon files — check free disk space and permissions.";
         strings_["sb_daemon_files_failed"] = "Failed to write daemon files to %s — check free disk space and permissions.";
         strings_["loading_stall_title"] = "Taking longer than expected";
-        strings_["loading_stall_body"] = "The daemon has been initializing for %.0fs. This can be normal after an update or on first launch (loading the block index or rescanning) — it will connect automatically once ready.";
+        strings_["loading_stall_body"] = "Initializing for %.0fs — normal after an update or first launch. Connects automatically when ready.";
-        strings_["loading_stall_hint"] = "Still stuck? Open Settings and use Restart Daemon, or check the Console for details.";
+        strings_["loading_stall_hint"] = "Stuck? Settings → Restart Daemon, or check the Console.";
         strings_["sb_plaintext_remote_blocked"] = "Refusing to send RPC credentials over plaintext to a remote host. Add rpcallowplaintext=1 to DRAGONX.conf to allow it, or enable TLS with rpctls=1.";
         strings_["rpc_plaintext_remote_warning"] = "Remote RPC is using plaintext HTTP. Add rpctls=1 to DRAGONX.conf if your daemon supports TLS.";
         strings_["settings_open_log_folder"] = "Open log folder";
@@ -2238,6 +2241,29 @@ void I18n::loadBuiltinEnglish()
         strings_["merge_funds"] = "Merge Funds";
         strings_["merge_started"] = "Merge operation started";
         strings_["merge_title"] = "Merge to Address";
+        // Consolidate-funds flow (rich merge modal + wallet-bloat preset).
+        strings_["consolidate_title"] = "Consolidate funds";
+        strings_["consolidate_desc"] = "Combine many small inputs into a single shielded note. Fewer notes means a smaller wallet file and better privacy.";
+        strings_["consolidate_funds_btn"] = "Consolidate";
+        strings_["merge_scope_loading"] = "Checking your inputs\xE2\x80\xA6";
+        strings_["merge_scope_fmt"] = "%d transparent + %d shielded inputs  \xC2\xB7  ~%s DRGX spendable";
+        strings_["merge_source"] = "Consolidate";
+        strings_["merge_src_transparent"] = "Transparent";
+        strings_["merge_src_shielded"] = "Shielded";
+        strings_["merge_src_both"] = "Both";
+        strings_["merge_batch_fmt"] = "Merges up to %d inputs per run \xE2\x80\x94 repeat to finish the rest.";
+        strings_["merge_advanced"] = "Advanced";
+        strings_["merge_max_inputs"] = "Max inputs per batch";
+        strings_["merge_fee_hint"] = "Network fee for this transaction.";
+        strings_["merge_create_zaddr"] = "Create shielded address";
+        strings_["merge_creating"] = "Creating address\xE2\x80\xA6";
+        strings_["merge_addr_created"] = "Shielded address created.";
+        strings_["merge_confirm_fmt"] = "Consolidate ~%s DRGX from %d input(s) into %s?";
+        strings_["merge_confirm_btn"] = "Confirm";
+        strings_["merge_back"] = "Back";
+        strings_["merge_progress"] = "Consolidating\xE2\x80\xA6 this can take a few minutes. You can close this window.";
+        strings_["merge_no_spendable"] = "No spendable inputs to consolidate yet.";
+        strings_["done"] = "Done";
 
         // --- Transaction Details Dialog ---
         strings_["tx_confirmations"] = "%d confirmations";

src/util/platform.cpp

@@ -867,6 +867,70 @@ int Platform::getSystemIdleSeconds()
 // GPU utilization detection
 // ============================================================================
 
+std::string Platform::runHiddenCapture(const std::string& cmdLine, bool mergeStderr, int* exitCode)
+{
+    if (exitCode) *exitCode = -1;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;
+    ZeroMemory(&sa, sizeof(sa));
+    sa.nLength = sizeof(sa);
+    sa.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
+    HANDLE hRead = NULL, hWrite = NULL;
+    if (!CreatePipe(&hRead, &hWrite, &sa, 0)) return {};
+    SetHandleInformation(hRead, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0);   // parent's read end stays private
+
+    HANDLE hNul = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    if (!mergeStderr) {
+        hNul = CreateFileA("NUL", GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, &sa,
+                           OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
+    }
+
+    STARTUPINFOA si;
+    ZeroMemory(&si, sizeof(si));
+    si.cb = sizeof(si);
+    si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
+    si.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
+    si.hStdInput  = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
+    si.hStdOutput = hWrite;
+    si.hStdError  = mergeStderr ? hWrite : hNul;
+
+    PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
+    ZeroMemory(&pi, sizeof(pi));
+    std::string cl = cmdLine;   // CreateProcessA may modify lpCommandLine → needs a mutable buffer
+    std::string out;
+    if (CreateProcessA(NULL, cl.empty() ? NULL : &cl[0], NULL, NULL, TRUE,
+                       CREATE_NO_WINDOW, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi)) {
+        CloseHandle(hWrite); hWrite = NULL;   // close our copy so ReadFile hits EOF when the child exits
+        if (hNul != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { CloseHandle(hNul); hNul = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; }
+        char buf[4096];
+        DWORD n = 0;
+        while (ReadFile(hRead, buf, sizeof(buf), &n, NULL) && n > 0) out.append(buf, n);
+        WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, INFINITE);
+        if (exitCode) {
+            DWORD code = 0;
+            if (GetExitCodeProcess(pi.hProcess, &code)) *exitCode = static_cast<int>(code);
+        }
+        CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
+        CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
+    }
+    if (hWrite != NULL) CloseHandle(hWrite);
+    if (hNul != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) CloseHandle(hNul);
+    CloseHandle(hRead);
+    return out;
+#else
+    const std::string full = cmdLine + (mergeStderr ? " 2>&1" : " 2>/dev/null");
+    std::string out;
+    FILE* f = popen(full.c_str(), "r");
+    if (!f) return out;
+    char buf[512];
+    size_t n;
+    while ((n = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf), f)) > 0) out.append(buf, n);
+    const int st = pclose(f);
+    if (exitCode) *exitCode = st;   // raw status (matches prior pclose-based rc checks)
+    return out;
+#endif
+}
+
 int Platform::getGpuUtilization()
 {
 #ifdef _WIN32
@@ -877,23 +941,16 @@ int Platform::getGpuUtilization()
     static bool s_has_nvidia = false;
     if (!s_tried_nvidia) {
         s_tried_nvidia = true;
-        FILE* f = _popen("where nvidia-smi 2>nul", "r");
+        // Windowless (runHiddenCapture) so GPU-aware idle detection never flashes a cmd.exe console.
-        if (f) {
+        const std::string w = runHiddenCapture("where nvidia-smi");
-            char buf[256];
+        s_has_nvidia = (w.find_first_not_of(" \t\r\n") != std::string::npos);
-            s_has_nvidia = (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f) != nullptr);
-            _pclose(f);
-        }
     }
     if (s_has_nvidia) {
-        FILE* f = _popen("nvidia-smi --query-gpu=utilization.gpu --format=csv,noheader,nounits 2>nul", "r");
+        const std::string o = runHiddenCapture(
-        if (f) {
+            "nvidia-smi --query-gpu=utilization.gpu --format=csv,noheader,nounits");
-            char buf[64];
+        if (!o.empty()) {
-            int util = -1;
+            int util = atoi(o.c_str());
-            if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f)) {
+            if (util < 0 || util > 100) util = -1;
-                util = atoi(buf);
-                if (util < 0 || util > 100) util = -1;
-            }
-            _pclose(f);
             return util;
         }
     }

src/util/platform.h

@@ -179,6 +179,15 @@ public:
      * @return GPU busy percent, or -1 if unavailable.
      */
     static int getGpuUtilization();
+
+    // Run a command line and capture its stdout WITHOUT ever popping a console window: Windows uses
+    // CreateProcess + CREATE_NO_WINDOW (a plain popen()/_popen() flashes a cmd.exe console), POSIX uses
+    // popen(). Use this instead of _popen for anything run while the GUI is up. `mergeStderr` folds the
+    // child's stderr into the result (like "2>&1"); otherwise stderr is discarded. `exitCode`, if given,
+    // receives the child's exit status (raw pclose() status on POSIX, GetExitCodeProcess on Windows; -1
+    // if the process could not be launched).
+    static std::string runHiddenCapture(const std::string& cmdLine, bool mergeStderr = false,
+                                        int* exitCode = nullptr);
 };
 
 /**