Two behavior-preserving refactors flagged by the Phase-6 hygiene scoping:
* addrman: CAddrMan::Select_ contained two ~40-line copies of the same
bucket-table random walk, differing only in the table (vvTried/vvNew),
its bucket count, and a log label. Extract the shared loop into
SelectFromTable_(vvTable, nBucketCount, tableName); Select_ now just
dispatches to it. Verbatim move — clean compile proves self-containment.
* pow: the "Equihash uses powLimit, everything else uses powAlternate"
selection was copy-pasted as an if/else into GetNextWorkRequired,
CalculateNextWorkRequired, and lwmaCalculateNextWorkRequired. Extract
into PowLimitForAlgo(params). The CheckProofOfWork site (line ~892) is
left as-is: it has an extra `height <= 1` genesis special-case and is
NOT the same selection. On DragonX (RandomX) this always returns
powAlternate, exactly as before.
Validated: full build of dragonxd/cli/tx, isolated self-mine to height
336, verifychain 4 0 -> true (exercises PowLimitForAlgo on every block).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Fifth phase of the code-hygiene remediation, done per-file (18 files) via an
18-agent Workflow with strict guardrails. No consensus or security VALUES
changed (verified: pow/hush_utils/hush_bitcoind/net.h/crypter/stratum have
zero non-comment numeric changes); built clean, self-mined, verifychain=true.
Totals: 57 stale comments corrected, 46 user-facing branding fixes, 6
behavior-preserving named constants, 4 stratum warnings, 77 items deliberately
left (consensus/security values, copyright headers).
- Stale comments -> DragonX: corrected HUSH3/HUSH/Komodo/Equihash/Arrakis
leftovers that misdescribed the active chain (pow AWT/lwma notes, txdb
"Equihash solution" -> RandomX, wallet CLTV/overwinter/Sapling@1 notes,
util datadir provenance, crypter's stale mapSproutSpendingKeys invariant).
Replaced unprofessional/editorializing comments (profane TODOs, "developers
are elite") with neutral technical notes, preserving the real design info.
- User-facing branding: dumpwallet header "created by Hush" -> "DragonX";
RPC help text hushd/hush-cli/hushprivkey/hushaddress/Agama -> dragonx*;
rebranded provably-dead "HUSH3" symbol-fallback literals to DRAGONX.
- Named constants (same values, non-consensus/non-security): addrman
peer-selection factors (kChanceFactorGrowth/kChanceScale/deprioritize),
sietch MIN_ZOUTS, an init notarization-DB cache size.
- Left the security macros (ECC/TFM_TIMING_RESISTANT=420, comment-clarified
only), the consensus subsidy/commission literals + 128/129 TRANSITION
(comment only), and copyright headers untouched.
- Added a prominent WARNING that the stratum server is Equihash-era and NOT
updated for DragonX's RandomX PoW (flagged, not rewritten).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Fourth phase of the code-hygiene remediation, addressing the ~1,082 stray
fprintf(stderr)/printf debug calls so consensus and hot paths stop spewing
to stderr/stdout. Done per-file (18 files) with conservative rules; the tree
builds clean, self-mines, and `verifychain` re-validates the whole chain
(pow/txdb/coins/miner paths) with -debug=1 enabling every converted line —
zero tinyformat/format-arg exceptions.
Net across 18 files: 174 commented-out debug lines deleted, 173 unconditional
live prints converted to LogPrint("<cat>",...)/LogPrintf (net/mining/pow/nspv/
zrpc categories, format strings + args preserved exactly), 40 pure-noise or
sensitive prints deleted, and 194 calls DELIBERATELY LEFT (already behind
fDebug/fZdebug guards, or genuine startup/fatal-error output that must reach
the console before logging init).
Notable:
- Deleted sensitive success-path dumps (nSPV SIG_TXHASH + full tx input/
output/change amounts; kvupdate privkey/pubkey hex) that were writing key
and amount material straight to stderr/stdout.
- Removed the raw 32-byte target hex dumps in the zawy adaptive-PoW helpers
and the legacy one-shot `if(height==340000)` HUSH artifact in pow.cpp.
- Converted per-tx relay + ban/banlist (net), per-setgenerate MININGTHREADS
(rpc/mining), signrawtransaction TXPOW, and per-message nSPV traces.
- Left format/arg-mismatched lines untouched (flagged) to avoid introducing
tinyformat runtime throws.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Third phase of the code-hygiene remediation: remove provably-dead code.
Each in-file deletion was adversarially verified (a per-finding investigator
plus a skeptic that greps the tree to refute deletability); the sanity grep
confirms zero dangling references, and the tree builds and self-mines clean.
Removed wholesale:
- src/cc/dapps/ (9 files, ~6,939 lines): a git-tracked but never-built Komodo
DEX / z-migration tool (hushdex.c, zmigrate.c, cJSON.c, ...). Nothing in
Makefile.am/configure.ac references it.
In-file dead code:
- pow.cpp: the `#ifdef original_algo` oldRT_CST_RST function (the macro is
never defined in source or build flags) and two `if ( 0 )` debug blocks.
- walletdb.cpp: the "orphaned staking transaction" cleanup path (deadTxns) —
DragonX is RandomX PoW with no staking, so the guard is always false and the
block never runs; also drop the now-unused static/extern decls.
- cc/eval.h: the ProcessCC / Eval::ImportCoin / ImportPayout / DisputePayout
declarations that have no definition anywhere in the tree.
- rpc/crosschain.cpp: the crosschainproof stub RPC (returned {} unconditionally)
and its registrations in rpc/server.cpp, rpc/server.h, rpc/client.cpp.
- coins.cpp: the commented-out `//TODO: delete` Sprout PushAnchor template.
- wallet.cpp: the permanently-zero KMD `interest2` term in CreateTransaction.
- rpc/net.cpp: hush_longestchain's always-zero `n` var (num > (n>>1) => num>0)
and its `if ( 0 )` debug branch.
- hush_nSPV.h / hush_nSPV_fullnode.h: three `if ( 0 && ... )` dead debug branches.
- net.cpp, crypter.h, saplingconsolidation.cpp (dup set_error_code),
shieldcoinbase.cpp (`donation < 0` on a uint8_t), cclib.cpp (unused
FAUCET2SIZE): single-line dead-code fixes.
Deliberately NOT touched (verification refuted the audit's "dead on DragonX"
premise): the ~2,250-line HUSH3 checkpoint block, the miner notary/timelock
paths, and hush_gateway.h — all reachable at runtime via -ac_name / -ac_*
args (the inherited Komodo assetchain model), and hush_gateway's
hush_opretvalidate is called from ConnectBlock (consensus). Dropping those
requires a deliberate decision to remove HAC/HUSH3 mode, tracked separately.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Second phase of the code-hygiene remediation, covering the items the
DragonX team introduced or the rebrand missed. No consensus behavior
changes; validated on a local self-mining node.
Log cruft:
- chainparams: route the startup ">>>>>>>>>>" banner and the port line
through LogPrintf/LogPrint("net") instead of fprintf(stderr).
- pow: drop the fprintf(stderr) hash-mismatch dump that duplicated the
LogPrintf copy verbatim.
- miner: gate the RandomXDatasetManager per-alloc/per-VM address dumps and
MemDiag /proc reads behind LogPrint("randomx"); keep a one-line
"allocated shared dataset (N GB)" summary at default verbosity.
Named constants (single source of truth in wallet.h):
- DEFAULT_AUTOSHIELD_FEE/INTERVAL, MIN_AUTOSHIELD_INTERVAL,
DEFAULT_AUTOSHIELD_MIN_UTXOS, AUTOSHIELD_MIN/MAX_FEE for the autoshield
option parsing and help text (were bare 10000/25/5 literals repeated
across init.cpp and wallet.h).
- AUTO_OP_TARGET_HEIGHT_OFFSET replaces the three copy-pasted
`blockHeight + 5` async-op scheduling offsets.
- AUTO_OP_EXPIRY_DELTA replaces the three per-file *_EXPIRY_DELTA=15
constants (sweep/consolidation/autoshield) with one shared value.
- Move DEFAULT_AUTOSHIELD_FEE out of the op header into wallet.h so it no
longer collides when both headers are included.
Error surfacing:
- init: report clamped/out-of-range -autoshieldinterval/-autoshieldfee via
InitWarning() (surfaces to GUI/log) instead of fprintf(stderr).
Rebrand / dead foreign-chain code (approved removals):
- server: drop the HUSH3 special-cases in stop() and HelpExampleCli; the
cli example now shows "dragonx-cli" instead of "hush-cli".
- getinfo (misc): remove the stale dPoW notarization block (notarized,
prevMoMheight, notarizedhash, notarizedtxid, notarizedtxid_height,
HUSHnotarized_height, notarized_confirms) — DragonX is a private chain
from genesis with no active dPoW. Also fixes the hardcoded "HUSH3" that
made getinfo query a foreign chain's notarization.
- delete the dead Komodo notary RPCs getera/getdragonjson/
getnotarysendmany/geterablockheights (getera returned 0;
getnotarysendmany was marked "this is broke") and their registrations.
- remove the dead ASSETCHAINS_EQUIHASH reporting branches in getinfo and
getmininginfo — DragonX is RandomX-only.
chainparams: document why the upstream Equihash params and the literal
Bitcoin genesis are retained under RandomX (do not "fix" them).
Deferred: the hdSeedOrigin int->string switch in z_autoshieldstatus
(no shared helper exists to reuse; low value).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
An adversarial re-review found the header-accept RandomX check (b9fdc7981 +
7e9b2c661 header-PoW + d2124a303 defer) to be a persistent source of
consensus-liveness bugs: it derives the RandomX key from the ACTIVE chain
(hush_chainactive), the wrong branch for reorg/side-branch/catch-up headers, so
it repeatedly false-rejected validly-mined headers and DoS(100)-hard-banned
honest peers (IBD-tail catch-up and deep-reorg cases); the defer fix and an
extend-tip fix each addressed one case while leaving/creating others (an
extend-tip variant re-opened an unbounded post-IBD side-branch flood). It only
mitigated a low-harm resource DoS -- forged headers bloat mapBlockIndex memory/
disk but are never SELECTED (nMinimumChainWork) and the full RandomX + target
check still runs at block-connect. Revert to fCheckPOW=0 at header-accept
(original behavior). A comment in AcceptBlockHeader records that any re-attempt
must derive the key from the header's OWN ancestry (pindexPrev->GetAncestor),
never the active chain.
Also hardens two issues the same review found:
- #8 IBD header cap now bounds against the VALIDATED chainActive.Height()
(attacker-hard) instead of pindexBestHeader, which a forward-extending flood
advanced in lockstep, defeating the cap.
- opreturn_burn only emits a change output above the dust threshold; a sub-dust
change made the returned tx non-standard/unrelayable.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Follow-on to the post-IBD header-PoW verification (b9fdc7981 + 7e9b2c661).
CheckRandomXSolution derives the RandomX key from the block at
keyHeight = ((height-lag)/interval)*interval, looked up on the ACTIVE chain
(hush_chainactive), so that block must be CONNECTED. When a post-IBD node's
block tip lags the header tip by more than ~one RandomX interval -- the normal
IBD tail, or any node catching up -- the key block is not connected yet, so
GetRandomXKey returns empty. The old code returned an error, making
CheckBlockHeader DoS(100)-ban the honest peer that sent a perfectly valid tip
header we simply could not verify yet.
Observed live: a node finishing a mainnet reindex banned the pool box + seeds
and stalled ~2000 blocks short of the tip. Fix: on an empty key, DEFER (return
true) instead of error -- the header is fully RandomX-verified at block-connect,
where the key block is always connected (blocks connect in order,
keyHeight <= height-lag < the connected tip). Flood protection is preserved for
synced nodes (key present -> real check) and bounded during catch-up by the
per-peer IBD header cap + nMinimumChainWork.
Validated on the live 3.14M-block chain: the affected node caught up the full
~2135-block gap to the tip with zero peer bans (was stalled + banned before).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
RandomX PoW verification is ~84% of block-connect wall time during network IBD, and
CheckBlock was recomputing it TWICE per block: once in CheckBlockHeader and again in
hush_checkPOW (which has no CBlockIndex, so it cannot use the fRandomXVerified dedup
the parallel pre-verify pool relies on). Skip the redundant recompute inside
hush_checkPOW: CheckBlockHeader runs first in CheckBlock and rejects an invalid
solution before hush_checkPOW is reached, so the block is already verified once.
Equihash, PoW-target and notary checks in hush_checkPOW still run.
A scoped guard (ScopedRandomXSkip) SAVES and RESTORES the thread-local
fSkipRandomXValidation, so it neither clobbers the miner's own skip
(TestBlockValidity -> ConnectBlock re-entry, which would otherwise force the ~256MB
inline RandomX alloc the miner deliberately avoids) nor leaks the flag on an exception.
Measured on an isolated RandomX test chain: RandomX verifies per block 2.0 -> 1.03
(~40% faster network sync). The 2x behavior pre-exists in v1.0.2. Consensus-neutral:
RandomXPreVerify.ConsensusEquivalence gtest passes; each block is still verified
exactly once by CheckBlockHeader.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
RandomXValidationRequired skipped RandomX verification for blocks below the
static top checkpoint (GetTotalBlocksEstimate), while the fork-rejection guard
uses the in-index checkpoint (GetLastCheckpoint). Once the checkpoint list
extends above the RandomX activation height, that asymmetry opens a gap during
IBD/eclipse in which a peer with no RandomX hashpower can get SHA256-grinded,
RandomX-forged blocks accepted (CheckProofOfWork hashes the header including the
attacker-controlled nSolution). Gate the skip on GetLastCheckpoint()->GetHeight()
so a block is PoW-exempt only when provably below a checkpoint the node has
locked into its index -- the same boundary the fork guard uses. Currently inert
(top checkpoint 2838000 < activation 2838976) but becomes live at the next
checkpoint refresh; the check runs under cs_main and only ever adds verification.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Parallel RandomX PoW pre-verification pool (CCheckQueue) run ahead of the serial
connect; consensus-neutral (inline CheckRandomXSolution fallback still verifies
anything not pre-verified). New -randomxverifythreads (default = -par).
- Adaptive dbcache: default sizes the UTXO/coins cache to most of RAM and shrinks
under memory pressure, always leaving a reserve free; -dbcache pins a fixed value.
- P2P block download: bounded socket recv-drain loop (tlsmanager); frontier-block
reassignment to break head-of-line stalls (-blockreassigntimeout); ProcessGetData
serves a bounded batch of blocks per pass instead of one (fixes the serve-side
one-block-per-tick throttle that caps download network-wide).
- assumeutxo: dumptxoutset RPC + LoadSnapshot machinery + AssumeutxoData chainparams.
- Signed bootstrap verification (util/bootstrap-dragonx.sh, util/sign-bootstrap.md).
- gtest: RandomX pre-verify consensus-equivalence test + UTXO-snapshot round-trip;
revived the gtest harness (Makefile.am include fix, Makefile.gtest.include).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Fresh-syncing nodes rejected the on-chain min-diff block at the
RANDOMX_VALIDATION activation height (2838976) because GetNextWorkRequired
computed the expected nBits from the preceding normal-difficulty blocks,
producing 469847994 instead of the on-chain 0x200f0f0f (HUSH_MINDIFF_NBITS).
This caused all seed nodes to be banned with "Incorrect diffbits" and the
node could never sync past that height.
Two changes:
1. GetNextWorkRequired (pow.cpp): Return nProofOfWorkLimit at the exact
RANDOMX_VALIDATION activation height, matching the on-chain diff reset.
2. ContextualCheckBlockHeader (main.cpp): Raise DragonX daaForkHeight to
RANDOMX_VALIDATION + 62000, covering the window where nBits was never
validated (diff reset at 2838976 through the attack at ~2879907).
Tested by invalidating block 2838975 and reconsidering — node re-validated
through the diff reset and attack window, syncing back to tip with zero
bad-diffbits rejections.
Bump version to 1.0.1.
Two critical vulnerabilities allowed an attacker to flood the DragonX chain
with minimum-difficulty blocks starting at height 2879907:
1. ContextualCheckBlockHeader only validated nBits for HUSH3 mainnet
(gated behind `if (ishush3)`), never for HAC/smart chains. An attacker
could submit blocks claiming any difficulty and the node accepted them.
Add nBits validation for all non-HUSH3 smart chains, gated above
daaForkHeight (default 450000) to maintain consensus with early chain
history that was mined by a different binary.
2. The rebrand commit (85c8d7f7d) commented out the `return false` block
in CheckProofOfWork that rejects blocks whose hash does not meet the
claimed target. This made PoW validation a no-op — any hash passed.
Restore the rejection block and add RANDOMX_VALIDATION height-gated
logic so blocks after the activation height are always validated even
during initial block loading.
Vulnerability #1 was inherited from the upstream hush3 codebase.
Vulnerability #2 was introduced by the DragonX rebrand.
Minimal rebrand (see compliant-rebrand branch for full rebrand):
- Rename binaries: hushd/hush-cli/hush-tx → dragonxd/dragonx-cli/dragonx-tx
- Default to DRAGONX chain params without -ac_* flags (randomx, blocktime=36, private=1)
- Update configure.ac: AC_INIT([DragonX],[1.0.0])
- Update client version string and user-agent to /DragonX:1.0.0/
- Add chainparams.cpp with DRAGONX network parameters
- Update build.sh, miner.cpp, pow.cpp for DragonX
- Add bootstrap-dragonx.sh utility script
- Update .gitignore for release directory
Share single RandomX dataset across all mining threads:
- Add RandomXDatasetManager with readers-writer lock, reducing RAM from
~2GB per thread to ~2GB total plus ~2MB per thread for the VM scratchpad
- Add LogProcessMemory() diagnostic helper for Linux and Windows
- Add CheckRandomXSolution() to validate RandomX PoW in nSolution field
- Add ASSETCHAINS_RANDOMX_VALIDATION activation height per chain
(DRAGONX: 2838976, TUMIN: 1200, others: height 1)
- Add CRandomXInput serializer for deterministic RandomX hash input
- Fix CheckProofOfWork() to properly reject invalid PoW (was missing
SMART_CHAIN_SYMBOL check, allowing bypass)
- Call CheckRandomXSolution() in hush_checkPOW and CheckBlockHeader
Without this fix, attackers could submit blocks with invalid RandomX
hashes that passed validation, as CheckProofOfWork returned early
during block loading and the nSolution field was never verified.
Some comments turned out to be wrong and some could be more helpful.
It turns out that when AveragingWindowTimespan was changed to fix a HUSH
mainnet bug long ago, that introduced a bug for HSC's that do not use
a 75s block time. Since the default is 60s that likely means all HSC's that will
be created. There were no production HSC's in use at the time of that bugfix,
so the bug went unnoticed until DRAGONX was launched. The bug then manifested
as the DRAGONX difficulty bug, which cause the difficulty to never correct down,
only up and lead to extremely long block times on DRAGONX mainnet.
This code change ensures that HUSH mainnet uses the same hardcoded AWT as it
did previously and all other HSC's will use params.AveragingWindowTimespan() ,
including DRAGONX mainnet.
This seems less dangerous than changing AveragingWindowTimespan() on HUSH mainnet.
Any projects which want to use Hush code from now on will need to be licensed as
GPLv3 or we will send the lawyers: https://www.softwarefreedom.org/
Notably, Komodo (KMD) is licensed as GPLv2 and is no longer compatible to receive
code changes, without causing legal issues. MIT projects, such as Zcash, also cannot pull
in changes from the Hush Full Node without permission from The Hush Developers,
which may in some circumstances grant an MIT license on a case-by-case basis.
DanSandClaude Opus 4.8